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The surging demand for artificial intelligence (AI) has led to a rapid expansion of energy-intensive data centers, contributing to criteria air pollutant emissions and raising public health concerns that have received comparatively limited…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuelin Han , Zhifeng Wu , Pengfei Li , Adam Wierman , Shaolei Ren

Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…

Climate change has intensified the urgency of effective carbon sink solutions, yet the integration of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) in these systems remains fragmented despite its transformative potential. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuze Dong , Jinsong Wu

The recent growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly large language models, requires energy-demanding high-performance computing (HPC) data centers, which poses a significant burden on power system capacity. Scheduling data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Yihong Zhou , Angel Paredes , Chaimaa Essayeh , Thomas Morstyn

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

At present, a major concern regarding data centers is their extremely high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. However, because of the over-provisioning of resources, the utilization of existing data centers is, in fact,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Xibo Jin , Fa Zhang , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Zhiyong Liu

Recent computing needs have lead technology companies to develop large scale, highly optimized data centers. These data centers represent large loads on electric power networks which have the unique flexibility to shift load both…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-20 Julia Lindberg , Yasmine Abdennadher , Jiaqi Chen , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line Roald

Data centers (DCs) as mission-critical infrastructures are pivotal in powering the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the digital economy. The evolution from Internet DC to AI DC has introduced new challenges in operating and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zhiwei Cao , Minghao Li , Feng Lin , Jimin Jia , Yonggang Wen , Jianxiong Yin , Simon See

The unprecedented rapid growth of computing demand for AI is projected to increase global annual datacenter (DC) growth from 7.2% to 11.3%. We project the 5-year AI DC demand for several power grids and assess whether they will allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Liuzixuan Lin , Rajini Wijayawardana , Varsha Rao , Hai Nguyen , Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga , Andrew A. Chien

As the modern electrical grid shifts towards distributed systems, there is an increasing need for rapid decision-making tools. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies are now pivotal in enhancing the efficiency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-27 Meiyi Li , Javad Mohammadi

The increasing global emphasis on sustainability and reducing carbon emissions is pushing governments and corporations to rethink their approach to data center design and operation. Given their high energy consumption and exponentially…

As AI capabilities and deployment accelerate toward a post-AGI era, concerns are growing about electricity demand and carbon emissions from AI computing, yet it is rarely represented explicitly in long term energy-economy-climate scenario…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Doyi Kim , Jiseok Ahn , Haewon McJeon , Changick Kim

Coal power plants will need to be phased out and face stranded asset risks under the net-zero energy system transition. Repurposing coal power plants could recoup profits and reduce carbon emissions using the existing infrastructure and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Yifu Ding , Serena Patel , Dharik Mallapragada , Robert James Stoner

As AI-driven computing infrastructures rapidly scale, discussions around data center design often emphasize energy consumption, water and electricity usage, workload scheduling, and thermal management. However, these perspectives often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yuzhuo Li , Yunwei Li

This study explores the impact of nuclear energy technology budgeting and artificial intelligence on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 20 OECD economies. Unlike previous research that relied on conventional panel techniques, we utilize the…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-30 Danish , Adnan Khan

We propose a dedicated model to assist with the life cycle analysis of emissions of scientific computing centres. The model takes into account both the embodied carbon and emissions from use, as well as other factors such as data centre…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-03 Wim Vanderbauwhede , Mattias Wadenstein

AI data centers are increasingly becoming tightly coupled compute--energy systems, where workload placement, cooling demand, electricity procurement, storage operation, and carbon emissions interact over time. This paper studies…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Johnny R. Zhang , Gaoyuan Du , Qianyi Sun , Shiqi Wang , Jiaxuan Li , Xian Sun

Climate change due to increasing carbon emissions by human activities has been identified as one of the most critical threat to Earth. Carbon neutralization, as a key approach to reverse climate change, has triggered the development of new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chien-Sheng Yang , Chien-Chun Huang-Fu , I-Kang Fu

Building operations represent a significant percentage of the total primary energy consumed in most countries due to the proliferation of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) installations in response to the growing demand for…

The escalating challenge of climate change necessitates an urgent exploration of factors influencing carbon emissions. This study contributes to the discourse by examining the interplay of technological, economic, and demographic factors on…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-28 Abdullah Al Abrar Chowdhury , Azizul Hakim Rafi , Adita Sultana , Abdulla All Noman