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AI agents that interact with their environments through tools enable powerful applications, but in high-stakes business settings, unintended actions can cause unacceptable harm, such as privacy breaches and financial loss. Existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yining Hong , Yining She , Eunsuk Kang , Christopher S. Timperley , Christian Kästner

In the evolving landscape of integrated circuit (IC) design, the increasing complexity of modern processors and intellectual property (IP) cores has introduced new challenges in ensuring design correctness and security. The recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raghul Saravanan , Sudipta Paria , Aritra Dasgupta , Venkat Nitin Patnala , Swarup Bhunia , Sai Manoj P D

Autonomous code agents built on large language models are reshaping software and AI development through tool use, long-horizon reasoning, and self-directed interaction. However, this autonomy introduces a previously unrecognized security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Hanxun Huang , Yige Li , Xingjun Ma , Bo Li , Yu-Gang Jiang , Cong Wang

Backdoor attacks have emerged as a prominent threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, where the presence of specific triggers in the input can lead poisoned models to misclassify these inputs to predetermined target classes.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Lu Yan , Zhuo Zhang , Guanhong Tao , Kaiyuan Zhang , Xuan Chen , Guangyu Shen , Xiangyu Zhang

Agent hijacking, highlighted by OWASP as a critical threat to the Large Language Model (LLM) ecosystem, enables adversaries to manipulate execution by injecting malicious instructions into retrieved content. Most existing attacks rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Xinhao Deng , Jiaqing Wu , Miao Chen , Yue Xiao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Governments and businesses increasingly rely on data analytics and machine learning (ML) for improving their competitive edge in areas such as consumer satisfaction, threat intelligence, decision making, and product efficiency. However, by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Rock Stevens , Octavian Suciu , Andrew Ruef , Sanghyun Hong , Michael Hicks , Tudor Dumitraş

Testing network protocol implementations is critical for ensuring the reliability, security, and interoperability of distributed systems. Faults in protocol behavior can lead to vulnerabilities and system failures, especially in real-time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Changze Huang , Di Wang , Zhi Quan Zhou

Finetuning open-weight Large Language Models (LLMs) is standard practice for achieving task-specific performance improvements. Until now, finetuning has been regarded as a controlled and secure process in which training on benign datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Thibaud Gloaguen , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Grey-box fuzzers such as American Fuzzy Lop (AFL) are popular tools for finding bugs and potential vulnerabilities in programs. While these fuzzers have been able to find vulnerabilities in many widely used programs, they are not efficient;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Siddharth Karamcheti , Gideon Mann , David Rosenberg

Formal verification provides rigorous guarantees for cryptographic security, yet extracting formalizable security goals from natural-language protocol documents remains largely manual. We introduce SecGoal, a dedicated expert-annotated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Dawei Huang , Hui Li , Bo Jia , Haonan Feng , Jingjing Guan , Yueshuang Jiao , Xiangdong Li

LLM-based agents can execute actions that are syntactically valid, user-sanctioned, and semantically appropriate, yet still violate organizational policy because the facts needed for correct policy judgment are hidden at decision time. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jie Wu , Ming Gong

In reinforcement learning, specification gaming occurs when AI systems learn undesired behaviors that are highly rewarded due to misspecified training goals. Specification gaming can range from simple behaviors like sycophancy to…

Deep Learning (DL) library bugs affect downstream DL applications, emphasizing the need for reliable systems. Generating valid input programs for fuzzing DL libraries is challenging due to the need for satisfying both language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Yinlin Deng , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Chenyuan Yang , Shizhuo Dylan Zhang , Shujing Yang , Lingming Zhang

Autonomous AI agents are rapidly transitioning from experimental tools to operational infrastructure, with projections that 80% of enterprise applications will embed AI copilots by the end of 2026. As agents gain the ability to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Joel Fokou

In recent years, coverage-based greybox fuzzing has proven itself to be one of the most effective techniques for finding security bugs in practice. Particularly, American Fuzzy Lop (AFL for short) is deemed to be a great success in fuzzing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Junjie Wang , Bihuan Chen , Lei Wei , Yang Liu

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

Open agentic systems combine LLM-based planning with external capabilities, persistent memory, and privileged execution. They are used in coding assistants, browser copilots, and enterprise automation. OpenClaw is a visible instance of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shiping Chen , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Xu Wang , Liming Zhu

LLM jailbreaks are a widespread safety challenge. Given this problem has not yet been tractable, we suggest targeting a key failure mechanism: the failure of safety to generalize across semantically equivalent inputs. We further focus the…

Agentic computing systems, while immensely capable, raise serious security, privacy, and safety concerns. A key issue is that the full set of functionalities offered by these systems, combined with their probabilistic execution flows, is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rohan Sequeira , Stavros Damianakis , Umar Iqbal , Konstantinos Psounis

Greybox fuzzing is one of the most popular methods for detecting software vulnerabilities, which conducts a biased random search within the program input space. To enhance its effectiveness in achieving deep coverage of program behaviors,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ruijie Meng , Gregory J. Duck , Abhik Roychoudhury