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In this study, we evaluate the effect of model merging in ad-hoc retrieval tasks. Model merging is a technique that combines the diverse characteristics of multiple models. We hypothesized that applying model merging to domain-specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Taiga Sasaki , Takehiro Yamamoto , Hiroaki Ohshima , Sumio Fujita

Backfilling is the process of re-extracting all gallery embeddings from upgraded models in image retrieval systems. It inevitably requires a prohibitively large amount of computational cost and even entails the downtime of the service.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Seonguk Seo , Mustafa Gokhan Uzunbas , Bohyung Han , Sara Cao , Ser-Nam Lim

In medical imaging, vision-language models face a critical duality: pretrained networks offer broad robustness but lack subtle, modality-specific characteristics, while fine-tuned expert models achieve high in-distribution accuracy yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Raza Imam , Hu Wang , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Mohammad Yaqub

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as the predominant approach for collaborative training of neural network models across multiple users, without the need to gather the data at a central location. One of the important challenges in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Matthias Reisser , Christos Louizos , Efstratios Gavves , Max Welling

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is crucial for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific tasks. In this work, we demonstrate that the order of training data can lead to significant training imbalances, potentially resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiming Ju , Ziyi Ni , Xingrun Xing , Zhixiong Zeng , hanyu Zhao , Siqi Fan , Zheng Zhang

Recent advances in large language models have led to numerous task-specialized fine-tuned variants, creating a need for efficient model merging techniques that preserve specialized capabilities while avoiding costly retraining. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Shuqi Liu , Han Wu , Bowei He , Xiongwei Han , Mingxuan Yuan , Linqi Song

The conventional recipe for maximizing model accuracy is to (1) train multiple models with various hyperparameters and (2) pick the individual model which performs best on a held-out validation set, discarding the remainder. In this paper,…

Model merging combines the parameters of multiple neural networks into a single model without additional training. As fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) proliferate, merging offers a computationally efficient alternative to ensembles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng

There is a growing interest in applying machine learning techniques to healthcare. Recently, federated learning (FL) is gaining popularity since it allows researchers to train powerful models without compromising data privacy and security.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Yiqiang Chen , Xin Qin , Renjun Xu , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Tao Qin

Federated learning allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a model without exchanging their data, thus preserving data privacy. Unfortunately, it suffers significant performance degradation due to heterogeneous data at clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Tailin Zhou , Jun Zhang , Danny H. K. Tsang

Model merging aims to combine multiple task-specific expert models into a single model without joint retraining, offering a practical alternative to multi-task learning when data access or computational budget is limited. Existing methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kaiyang Li , Shaobo Han , Qing Su , Shihao Ji

Personalized Federated Learning aims at addressing the challenges of non-IID data in collaborative model training. However, existing methods struggle to balance personalization and generalization, often oversimplifying client similarities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mattia Giovanni Campana , Franca Delmastro

Recently, transformers have shown strong ability as visual feature extractors, surpassing traditional convolution-based models in various scenarios. However, the success of vision transformers largely owes to their capacity to accommodate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Tianxiang Hao , Hui Chen , Yuchen Guo , Guiguang Ding

Model merging aims to combine multiple task-specific expert models into a single model while preserving generalization across diverse tasks. However, interference among experts, especially when they are trained on different objectives,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bo Xu , Haotian Wu , Hehai Lin , Weiquan Huang , Beier Zhu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin

Federated learning is a promising distributed machine learning paradigm that can effectively exploit large-scale data without exposing users' privacy. However, it may incur significant communication overhead, thereby potentially impairing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shiwei Li , Wenchao Xu , Haozhao Wang , Xing Tang , Yining Qi , Shijie Xu , Weihong Luo , Yuhua Li , Xiuqiang He , Ruixuan Li

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed devices to collaboratively train machine learning models while maintaining data privacy. However, the heterogeneous hardware capabilities of devices often result in significant training delays, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Letian Zhang , Bo Chen , Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Jie Xu

It is often observed that the aggregated model in FL underperforms on local data until after several rounds of local training. This temporary performance drop can potentially slow down the convergence of the FL model. Prior work regards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guogang Zhu , Xuefeng Liu , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Xinghao Wu

In some real-world applications, data samples are usually distributed on local devices, where federated learning (FL) techniques are proposed to coordinate decentralized clients without directly sharing users' private data. FL commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xin-Chun Li , Shaoming Song , Yinchuan Li , Bingshuai Li , Yunfeng Shao , Yang Yang , De-Chuan Zhan

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging collaborative machine learning framework where multiple clients train the global model without sharing their own datasets. In FL, the model inconsistency caused by the local data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Xuming An , Li Shen , Han Hu , Yong Luo

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients without sharing private data. However, FL suffers from biased global models due to non-IID and long-tail data distributions. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jingrui Zhang , Yimeng Xu , Shujie Li , Feng Liang , Haihan Duan , Yanjie Dong , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu