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The rapid progress of Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has spurred the creation of numerous benchmarks. However, conventional full-coverage Question-Answering evaluations suffer from high redundancy and low efficiency. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ye Shen , Junying Wang , Farong Wen , Yijin Guo , Qi Jia , Zicheng Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Audio-Language Models (ALMs), trained on paired audio-text data, are designed to process, understand, and reason about audio-centric multimodal content. Unlike traditional supervised approaches that use predefined labels, ALMs leverage…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yi Su , Jisheng Bai , Qisheng Xu , Kele Xu , Yong Dou

Logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and an essential capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Despite the significant advancement in multimodal reasoning, existing benchmarks fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiakang Yuan , Tianshuo Peng , Yilei Jiang , Yiting Lu , Renrui Zhang , Kaituo Feng , Chaoyou Fu , Tao Chen , Lei Bai , Bo Zhang , Xiangyu Yue

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning can substantially improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. At the same time, In-Context Learning (ICL) has become an important mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Chu

Small Language Models (SLMs) are a cost-effective alternative to Large Language Models (LLMs), but often struggle with complex reasoning due to their limited capacity and a tendency to produce mistakes or inconsistent answers during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuanfeng Xu , Zehui Dai , Jian Liang , Jiapeng Guan , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin , Xiaohui Lv

Interactions with virtual assistants typically start with a predefined trigger phrase followed by the user command. To make interactions with the assistant more intuitive, we explore whether it is feasible to drop the requirement that users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Dominik Wagner , Alexander Churchill , Siddharth Sigtia , Panayiotis Georgiou , Matt Mirsamadi , Aarshee Mishra , Erik Marchi

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable fluency and competence across various natural language tasks. However, recent research has highlighted their sensitivity to variations in input prompts. To deploy LLMs in a safe and reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Harsh Raj , Vipul Gupta , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

This study explores the potential of phonological reasoning within text-based large language models (LLMs). Utilizing the PhonologyBench benchmark, we assess tasks like rhyme word generation, g2p conversion, and syllable counting. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Dongjun Jang , Youngchae Ahn , Hyopil Shin

Multimodal embeddings are widely used in downstream tasks such as multimodal retrieval, enabling alignment of interleaved modalities in a shared representation space. While recent studies show that Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chunxu Liu , Jiyuan Yang , Ruopeng Gao , Yuhan Zhu , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Limin Wang

Large language models (LLMs) can perform recommendation tasks by taking prompts written in natural language as input. Compared to traditional methods such as collaborative filtering, LLM-based recommendation offers advantages in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are outputs that are syntactically coherent but factually incorrect or contextually inconsistent. They are persistent obstacles in high-stakes industrial settings such as engineering design,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Brian Freeman , Adam Kicklighter , Matt Erdman , Zach Gordon

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to lack cultural representation and overall diversity in their generations, from expressing opinions to answering factual questions. To mitigate this problem, we propose multilingual prompting: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qihan Wang , Shidong Pan , Tal Linzen , Emily Black

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across various tasks, yet they still exhibit limitations such as hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxic content. One potential approach to mitigate these issues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yuxuan Yao , Han Wu , Zhijiang Guo , Biyan Zhou , Jiahui Gao , Sichun Luo , Hanxu Hou , Xiaojin Fu , Linqi Song

We study the task of prompting large-scale language models to perform multi-step reasoning. Existing work shows that when prompted with a chain of thoughts (CoT), sequences of short sentences describing intermediate reasoning steps towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark , Tushar Khot

The increasing scale of large language models (LLMs) brings emergent abilities to various complex tasks requiring reasoning, such as arithmetic and commonsense reasoning. It is known that the effective design of task-specific prompts is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shizhe Diao , Pengcheng Wang , Yong Lin , Rui Pan , Xiang Liu , Tong Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced perception across text, vision, and audio, yet they often struggle with structured cross-modal reasoning, particularly when integrating audio and visual signals. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-20 Zhenghao Xing , Xiaowei Hu , Chi-Wing Fu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Pheng-Ann Heng

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Fei Bai , Yingqian Min , Beichen Zhang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Zheng Liu , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

We present a controlled study of multi-hop contextual reasoning in large language models, providing a clean demonstration of the task-method dissociation: rule-based pattern matching achieves 100% success on structured information retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Brady Steele , Micah Katz

Large language models (LLMs) substantially enhance developer productivity in repository-level code generation through interactive collaboration. However, as interactions progress, repository context must be continuously preserved and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Peiding Wang , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Chongyang Tao , Yinghao Zhu
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