English
Related papers

Related papers: Useful Memories Become Faulty When Continuously Up…

200 papers

Current agentic memory systems (vector stores, retrieval-augmented generation, scratchpads, and context-window management) do not implement memory: they implement lookup. We argue that treating lookup as memory is a category error with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Binyan Xu , Xilin Dai , Kehuan Zhang

We investigate how agents built on pretrained large language models (LLMs) can learn target classification functions from labeled examples without parameter updates. While conventional approaches like fine-tuning are often costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jackson Hassell , Dan Zhang , Hannah Kim , Tom Mitchell , Estevam Hruschka

Large language models show promise for embodying historical characters in dialogue systems, but existing approaches face a critical trade-off: simple retrieval-augmented generation produces shallow responses, while multi-stage reflection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Rafael Arias Gonzalez , Steve DiPaola

While large language model (LLM) agents can effectively use external tools for complex real-world tasks, they require memory systems to leverage historical experiences. Current memory systems enable basic storage and retrieval but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wujiang Xu , Zujie Liang , Kai Mei , Hang Gao , Juntao Tan , Yongfeng Zhang

Autonomous AI agents operating in dynamic environments face a persistent challenge: acquiring new capabilities without erasing prior knowledge. We present Adaptive Memory Crystallization (AMC), a memory architecture for progressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rajat Khanda , Mohammad Baqar Sambuddha Chakrabarti , Satyasaran Changdar

LLM agents increasingly rely on persistent state, including transcripts, summaries, retrieved context, and memory buffers, to support long-horizon interaction. This makes safety depend not only on individual model outputs, but also on what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yian Wang , Agam Goyal , Yuen Chen , Hari Sundaram

Online reinforcement learning agents are currently able to process an increasing amount of data by converting it into a higher order value functions. This expansion of the information collected from the environment increases the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Mirza Ramicic , Andrea Bonarini

Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows. Despite rapid architectural development, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Jinxin Yang , Ayushi Kishore , Alysa Zhao , Dingyi Kang , Xu Hu , Feng Chen , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Existing memory systems for language agents address memory management: how to retrieve and page more information within a context budget. We address a complementary problem -- memory utility: what experience is worth keeping, and how it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 James Rhodes , George Kang

To improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), researchers have explored providing LLMs with textual task-solving experience via prompts. However, they rely on manual efforts to acquire and apply such experience for each task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Yiming Cui , Jianbai Zhao , Hepeng Wang , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

LLMs are trained once, then deployed into a world that never stops changing. External memory compensates for this, but most systems manage it explicitly rather than letting it adapt on its own. Biological memory works differently: coupled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Andreas Pattichis , Constantine Dovrolis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Large language model (LLM) agents face fundamental limitations in long-horizon reasoning due to finite context windows, making effective memory management critical. Existing methods typically handle long-term memory (LTM) and short-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yi Yu , Liuyi Yao , Yuexiang Xie , Qingquan Tan , Jiaqi Feng , Yaliang Li , Libing Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become the default strategy for providing large language model (LLM) agents with contextual knowledge. Yet RAG treats memory as a stateless lookup table: information persists indefinitely, retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Joe Logan

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate in settings where a single context window is far too small to capture what has happened, what was learned, and what should not be repeated. Memory -- the ability to persist, organize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengfei Du

LLM agents often fail in closed-world embodied environments because actions must satisfy strict preconditions -- such as location, inventory, and container states -- and failure feedback is sparse. We identify two structurally coupled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhenhang Yuan , Shenghai Yuan , Lihua Xie

While inference-time scaling enables LLMs to carry out increasingly long and capable reasoning traces, the patterns and insights uncovered during these traces are immediately discarded once the context window is reset for a new query.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Matthew Ho , Chen Si , Zhaoxiang Feng , Fangxu Yu , Yichi Yang , Zhijian Liu , Zhiting Hu , Lianhui Qin

The statelessness of foundation models bottlenecks agentic systems' ability to continually learn, a core capability for long-horizon reasoning and adaptation. To address this limitation, agentic systems commonly incorporate memory modules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yiming Xiong , Shengran Hu , Jeff Clune