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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) by demonstrating an impressive ability to generate human-like text. However, their widespread usage introduces challenges that necessitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding their potential misuse, particularly in generating fake news and misinformation. To address these risks, watermarking techniques for autoregressive language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Koichi Nagatsuka , Terufumi Morishita , Yasuhiro Sogawa

Localizing text in low-light environments is challenging due to visual degradations. Although a straightforward solution involves a two-stage pipeline with low-light image enhancement (LLE) as the initial step followed by detector, LLE is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Chengpei Xu , Hao Fu , Long Ma , Wenjing Jia , Chengqi Zhang , Feng Xia , Xiaoyu Ai , Binghao Li , Wenjie Zhang

Standard classification models often map inputs directly to labels without explicit reasoning, potentially limiting their performance, robustness, and interpretability. This paper introduces a novel two-stage approach to enhance text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Mads Henrichsen , Rasmus Krebs

The rapid progress of large language models has enabled the generation of text that closely resembles human writing, creating challenges for authenticity verification in education, publishing, and digital security. Detecting AI-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Michał Gromadzki , Anna Wróblewska , Agnieszka Kaliska

The increasing prevalence of Large Language Models (LMs) in critical applications highlights the need for controlled language generation strategies that are not only computationally efficient but that also enjoy performance guarantees. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Emily Cheng , Carmen Amo Alonso

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating multilingual text and source code has only increased the imperative for machine-generated content detectors to be accurate and efficient across domains. Current detectors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shriyansh Agrawal , Aidan Lau , Sanyam Shah , Ahan M R , Kevin Zhu , Sunishchal Dev , Vasu Sharma

ChatGPT and other general large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, but they have also raised concerns about the misuse of AI-generated texts. Existing AI-generated text detection models, such as based on BERT and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Rongsheng Wang , Haoming Chen , Ruizhe Zhou , Han Ma , Yaofei Duan , Yanlan Kang , Songhua Yang , Baoyu Fan , Tao Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in practically every task in this field. However, the prevalent approach used in text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicolo Micheletti , Samuel Belkadi , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

Despite significant progress in alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that elicit harmful behaviors. Activation steering techniques offer a promising inference-time intervention approach, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

Existing machine-generated text (MGT) detection methods implicitly assume labels as the "golden standard". However, we reveal boundary ambiguity in MGT detection, implying that traditional training paradigms are inexact. Moreover,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Defu Lian

Detecting content generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for preventing misuse and building trustworthy AI systems. Although existing detection methods perform well, their robustness in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xin Chen , Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Zeyu Wu , Ziyang Luo , Di Wang , Min Yang , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), generative linguistic steganography has become a prevalent technique for hiding information within model-generated texts. However, traditional steganography methods struggle to effectively align…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Minhao Bai , Jinshuai Yang , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang , Yue Gao

The proliferation of misinformation in digital platforms reveals the limitations of traditional detection methods, which mostly rely on static classification and fail to capture the intricate process of real-world fact-checking. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Chen Han , Wenzhen Zheng , Xijin Tang

With the development of large language models (LLMs), detecting whether text is generated by a machine becomes increasingly challenging in the face of malicious use cases like the spread of false information, protection of intellectual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense potential to generate synthetic data of high quality and utility, which has numerous applications from downstream model training to practical data utilisation. However, contemporary models, despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Charles O'Neill , Yuan-Sen Ting , Ioana Ciuca , Jack Miller , Thang Bui

The irregular contour representation is one of the tough challenges in scene text detection. Although segmentation-based methods have achieved significant progress with the help of flexible pixel prediction, the overlap of geographically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Xu Han , Junyu Gao , Chuang Yang , Yuan Yuan , Qi Wang

The rampant proliferation of large language models, fluent enough to generate text indistinguishable from human-written language, gives unprecedented importance to the detection of machine-generated text. This work is motivated by an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiao Pu , Jingyu Zhang , Xiaochuang Han , Yulia Tsvetkov , Tianxing He

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced to a point that even humans have difficulty discerning whether a text was generated by another human, or by a computer. However, knowing whether a text was produced by human or artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Svetlana Kiritchenko