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Backpropagation (BP) is the standard algorithm for training the deep neural networks that power modern artificial intelligence including large language models. However, BP is energy inefficient and unlikely to be implemented by the brain.…

Continual learning (CL) aims to enable information systems to learn from a continuous data stream across time. However, it is difficult for existing deep learning architectures to learn a new task without largely forgetting previously…

This paper proposes a novel approach for speech signal prediction based on a recurrent neural network (RNN). Unlike existing RNN-based predictors, which operate on parametric features and are trained offline on a large collection of such…

Precise timing of spikes and temporal locking are key elements of neural computation. Here we demonstrate how even strongly heterogeneous, deterministic neural networks with delayed interactions and complex topology can exhibit periodic…

A Spiking Neural Network (SNN) can be trained indirectly by first training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the conventional backpropagation algorithm, then converting it into an SNN. The conventional rate-coding method for SNNs uses…

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) process time-series data via internal event-driven neural dynamics. The energy consumption of an SNN depends on the number of spikes exchanged between neurons over the course of the input presentation.…

Spiking neural networks are a type of artificial neural networks in which communication between neurons is only made of events, also called spikes. This property allows neural networks to make asynchronous and sparse computations and…

Continual learning requires a model to adapt to ongoing changes in the data distribution, and often to the set of tasks to be performed. It is rare, however, that the data and task changes are completely unpredictable. Given a description…

Continual Learning (CL) seeks to enable neural networks to incrementally acquire new knowledge (plasticity) while retaining existing knowledge (stability). Although pre-trained models (PTMs) have provided a strong foundation for CL,…

A new supervised learning algorithm, SNN/LP, is proposed for Spiking Neural Networks. This novel algorithm uses limited precision for both synaptic weights and synaptic delays; 3 bits in each case. Also a genetic algorithm is used for the…

While deep neural networks take loose inspiration from neuroscience, it is an open question how seriously to take the analogies between artificial deep networks and biological neuronal systems. Interestingly, recent work has shown that deep…

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Providing the neurobiological basis of information processing in higher animals, spiking neural networks must be able to learn a variety of complicated computations, including the generation of appropriate, possibly delayed reactions to…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute using sparse communication and are attracting increased attention as a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks~(ANNs). While standard ANNs are stateless, spiking…

Recurrent Neural Networks can be trained to produce sequences of tokens given some input, as exemplified by recent results in machine translation and image captioning. The current approach to training them consists of maximizing the…

Humans can make predictions on various time scales and hierarchical levels. Thereby, the learning of event encodings seems to play a crucial role. In this work we model the development of hierarchical predictions via autonomously learned…

Existing literature in Continual Learning (CL) has focused on overcoming catastrophic forgetting, the inability of the learner to recall how to perform tasks observed in the past. There are however other desirable properties of a CL system,…

In the reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, the ability to predict receiving reward in the near or more distant future means the ability to evaluate the current state as more or less close to the target state (labelled by the reward signal).…

The timing of individual neuronal spikes is essential for biological brains to make fast responses to sensory stimuli. However, conventional artificial neural networks lack the intrinsic temporal coding ability present in biological…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), regarded as the third generation of neural networks, emulate the brain's information processing with unparalleled biological plausibility compared to traditional neural networks. However, their non-linear,…