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Machine Learning (ML) is now used in a range of systems with results that are reported to exceed, under certain conditions, human performance. Many of these systems, in domains such as healthcare , automotive and manufacturing, exhibit high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Richard Hawkins , Colin Paterson , Chiara Picardi , Yan Jia , Radu Calinescu , Ibrahim Habli

Already today, driver assistance systems help to make daily traffic more comfortable and safer. However, there are still situations that are quite rare but are hard to handle at the same time. In order to cope with these situations and to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Florian Wirthmüller , Marvin Klimke , Julian Schlechtriemen , Jochen Hipp , Manfred Reichert

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) are safety-critical, where failures can be severe. While Metamorphic Testing (MT) is effective for fault detection in ADS, existing methods rely heavily on manual effort and lack automation. We present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Linfeng Liang , Chenkai Tan , Yao Deng , Yingfeng Cai , T. Y Chen , Xi Zheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to create natural language interfaces for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs), moving beyond rigid inputs. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Marvin Seegert , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive data fusion and reasoning capabilities for autonomous driving (AD). However, training LLMs for AD faces significant challenges including high computation transmission costs, and privacy concerns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tianao Xiang , Mingjian Zhi , Yuanguo Bi , Lin Cai , Yuhao Chen

Traffic safety remains a critical global challenge, with traditional Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) often struggling in dynamic real-world scenarios due to fragmented sensor processing and susceptibility to adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Mohammad Abu Tami , Mohammed Elhenawy , Huthaifa I. Ashqar

With the increasing presence of autonomous SAE level 3 and level 4, which incorporate artificial intelligence software, along with the complex technical challenges they present, it is essential to maintain a high level of functional safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Vikas Vyas , Zheyuan Xu

Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) is one of the primary drivers behind increasing levels of autonomy, driving comfort in this age of connected mobility. However, the performance of such systems is a function of execution rate which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Anirban Ghose , Srijeeta Maity , Arijit Kar , Kaustubh Maloo , Soumyajit Dey

Background/Context. The use of automated driving systems (ADSs) in the real world requires rigorous testing to ensure safety. To increase trust, ADSs should be tested on a large set of diverse road scenarios. Literature suggests that if a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Stefan Klikovits , Vincenzo Riccio , Ezequiel Castellano , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini

The safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) must be validated prior to large-scale deployment. Among existing validation approaches, scenario-based testing has been regarded as a promising method to improve testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yongqi Zhao , Ji Zhou , Dong Bi , Tomislav Mihalj , Jia Hu , Arno Eichberger

With their potential to significantly reduce traffic accidents, enhance road safety, optimize traffic flow, and decrease congestion, autonomous driving systems are a major focus of research and development in recent years. Beyond these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Xu Wang , Mohammad Ali Maleki , Muhammad Waqar Azhar , Pedro Trancoso

Significant progress has been made towards deploying Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology. Integrating V2X with 5G has enabled ultra-low latency and high-reliability V2X communications. However, while communication performance has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Abdelwahab Boualouache , Thomas Engel

Connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) must simultaneously perform multiple tasks, such as object detection, semantic segmentation, depth estimation, trajectory prediction, motion prediction, and behaviour prediction, to ensure safe and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiayuan Wang , Farhad Pourpanah , Q. M. Jonathan Wu , Ning Zhang

Machine learning (ML) methods are widely used in industrial applications, which usually require a large amount of training data. However, data collection needs extensive time costs and investments in the manufacturing system, and data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yue Zhao , Yuxuan Li , Chenang Liu , Yinan Wang

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have made driving safer over the last decade. They prepare vehicles for unsafe road conditions and alert drivers if they perform a dangerous maneuver. However, many accidents are unavoidable because…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-01-06 Ashesh Jain , Hema S Koppula , Shane Soh , Bharad Raghavan , Avi Singh , Ashutosh Saxena

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) open up a new domain for the automotive industry and offer new possibilities for future transportation with higher efficiency and comfortable experiences. However, autonomous driving under adverse weather…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yuxiao Zhang , Alexander Carballo , Hanting Yang , Kazuya Takeda

Today's advanced automotive systems are turning into intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), bringing computational intelligence to their cyber-physical context. Such systems power advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that observe a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Malsha Ashani Mahawatta Dona , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Yinan Yu , Christian Berger

Autonomous cars can reduce road traffic accidents and provide a safer mode of transport. However, key technical challenges, such as safe navigation in complex urban environments, need to be addressed before deploying these vehicles on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Smit Saparia , Andreas Schimpe , Laura Ferranti

Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a pivotal technology in the operation of large and complex systems, driving advancements in fields such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare diagnostics, and financial fraud detection. Despite its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xinrui Zhang , Pincan Zhao , Jason Jaskolka , Heng Li , Rongxing Lu

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) are complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) that must ensure safety even in uncertain conditions. Modern ADSs often employ Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which may not produce correct results in every possible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jon Ayerdi , Asier Iriarte , Pablo Valle , Ibai Roman , Miren Illarramendi , Aitor Arrieta