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Financial trading aims to build profitable strategies to make wise investment decisions in the financial market. It has attracted interests in the machine learning community for a long time. This paper proposes to trade financial assets…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-14 Lin Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to improve complex reasoning abilities. However, state-of-the-art policy optimization methods often suffer from high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kianté Brantley , Mingyu Chen , Zhaolin Gao , Jason D. Lee , Wen Sun , Wenhao Zhan , Xuezhou Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) involves sequential decision making in uncertain environments. The aim of the decision-making agent is to maximize the benefit of acting in its environment over an extended period of time. Finding an optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Istvan Szita , Balint Takacs , Andras Lorincz

We propose a reinforcement learning-based approach to optimize conversational strategies for product recommendation across diverse industries. As organizations increasingly adopt intelligent agents to support sales and service operations,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kang Liu

In this paper, we derive a temporal arbitrage policy for storage via reinforcement learning. Real-time price arbitrage is an important source of revenue for storage units, but designing good strategies have proven to be difficult because of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Hao Wang , Baosen Zhang

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that leverages multimodal data including historical stock prices, sentiment analysis, and topic embeddings from news articles, to optimize trading strategies for SP100 stocks. Building upon…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-24 Sumit Nawathe , Ravi Panguluri , James Zhang , Sashwat Venkatesh

In recent years, a wide range of investment models have been created using artificial intelligence. Automatic trading by artificial intelligence can expand the range of trading methods, such as by conferring the ability to operate 24 hours…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-17 Koya Ishikawa , Kazuhide Nakata

Training large language models (LLMs) to reason via reinforcement learning (RL) significantly improves their problem-solving capabilities. In agentic settings, existing methods like ReAct prompt LLMs to explicitly plan before every action;…

Portfolio optimization is essential for balancing risk and return in financial decision-making. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has stood out as a cutting-edge tool for portfolio optimization that learns dynamic asset allocation using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Himanshu Choudhary , Arishi Orra , Manoj Thakur

The field of reinforcement learning (RL) is facing increasingly challenging domains with combinatorial complexity. For an RL agent to address these challenges, it is essential that it can plan effectively. Prior work has typically utilized…

Stock trading strategy plays a crucial role in investment companies. However, it is challenging to obtain optimal strategy in the complex and dynamic stock market. We explore the potential of deep reinforcement learning to optimize stock…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Xiao-Yang Liu , Zhuoran Xiong , Shan Zhong , Hongyang Yang , Anwar Walid

Recent advances in reinforcement learning, such as Dynamic Sampling Policy Optimization (DAPO), show strong performance when paired with large language models (LLMs). Motivated by this success, we ask whether similar gains can be realized…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruijian Zha , Bojun Liu

This paper studies the continuous-time reinforcement learning (RL) for optimal switching problems across multiple regimes. We consider a type of exploratory formulation under entropy regularization where the agent randomizes both the timing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Yijie Huang , Mengge Li , Xiang Yu , Zhou Zhou

Optimal execution is an important problem faced by any trader. Most solutions are based on the assumption of constant market impact, while liquidity is known to be dynamic. Moreover, models with time-varying liquidity typically assume that…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-21 Andrea Macrì , Fabrizio Lillo

In agent control issues, the idea of combining reinforcement learning and planning has attracted much attention. Two methods focus on micro and macro action respectively. Their advantages would show together if there is a good cooperation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Xuerun Chen

We introduce PPOPT - Proximal Policy Optimization using Pretraining, a novel, model-free deep-reinforcement-learning algorithm that leverages pretraining to achieve high training efficiency and stability on very small training samples in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ruoxing Yang

We extend the standard reinforcement learning framework to random time horizons. While the classical setting typically assumes finite and deterministic or infinite runtimes of trajectories, we argue that multiple real-world applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Enric Ribera Borrell , Lorenz Richter , Christof Schütte

A continuous rise in the penetration of renewable energy sources, along with the use of the single imbalance pricing, provides a new opportunity for balance responsible parties to reduce their cost through energy arbitrage in the imbalance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-01 Seyed Soroush Karimi Madahi , Gargya Gokhale , Marie-Sophie Verwee , Bert Claessens , Chris Develder

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven a stunning ability to learn optimal policies from data without any prior knowledge on the process. The main drawback of RL is that it is typically very difficult to guarantee stability and safety. On…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Mario Zanon , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Sébastien Gros

A Reinforcement Learning (RL) system depends on a set of initial conditions (hyperparameters) that affect the system's performance. However, defining a good choice of hyperparameters is a challenging problem. Hyperparameter tuning often…