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Reinforcement learning has become a central paradigm for improving LLM reasoning, but most existing methods optimize policies over discrete token sequences. This creates a mismatch between the optimization space and the structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

Masked diffusion models (MDMs), which leverage bidirectional attention and a denoising process, are narrowing the performance gap with autoregressive models (ARMs). However, their internal attention mechanisms remain under-explored. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Xin Dai , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Chaojun Xiao , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering sub-linear generation latency and bidirectional capabilities that are particularly appealing for code generation and editing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Michael Hersche , Nicolas Menet , Ronan Tanios , Abbas Rahimi

As more content generated by large language models (LLMs) floods into the Internet, information retrieval (IR) systems now face the challenge of distinguishing and handling a blend of human-authored and machine-generated texts. Recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Yinqiong Cai , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Denoising diffusion models (DDMs) have recently attracted increasing attention by showing impressive synthesis quality. DDMs are built on a diffusion process that pushes data to the noise distribution and the models learn to denoise. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jaemoo Choi , Yesom Park , Myungjoo Kang

Diffusion models (DMs) are one of the most widely used generative models for producing high quality images. However, a flurry of recent papers points out that DMs are least private forms of image generators, by extracting a significant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-06 Michael F. Liu , Saiyue Lyu , Margarita Vinaroz , Mijung Park

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for large language models (LLMs), yet the non-deterministic behavior of DLMs remains poorly understood. The existing non-determinism evaluations for LLMs predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyu Fang , Zhimeng Jiang , Huiyuan Chen , Xiaoge Zhang , Tianyi Li , Kaiyu Tang , Xiao Li , Jing Li

Current disfluency detection methods heavily rely on costly and scarce human-annotated data. To tackle this issue, some approaches employ heuristic or statistical features to generate disfluent sentences, partially improving detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Zhenrong Cheng , Jiayan Guo , Hao Sun , Yan Zhang

The autoregressive decoding for text generation in large language models (LLMs), while widely used, is inherently suboptimal due to the lack of a built-in mechanism to perform refinement and/or correction of the generated content. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zeyu Tang , Zhenhao Chen , Xiangchen Song , Loka Li , Yunlong Deng , Yifan Shen , Guangyi Chen , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Diffusion language models intrinsically fail to capture correlations between decoded tokens, which leads to a harsh trade-off between sampling quality and throughput. To solve this issue, we propose DiLaDiff, a variant of masked diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jean-Marie Lemercier , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Morteza Mardani , Arash Vahdat , Ante Jukić

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in practically every task in this field. However, the prevalent approach used in text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicolo Micheletti , Samuel Belkadi , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) for language modeling. However, MDMs are known to learn substantially more slowly than ARMs, which may become problematic when scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chunsan Hong , Sanghyun Lee , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Satoshi Hayakawa , Yuhta Takida , Yuki Mitsufuji , Seungryong Kim , Jong Chul Ye

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) provide a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by generating text through iterative denoising and bidirectional refinement. However, this iterative generation paradigm also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yejin Lee , Yo-Sub Han

Evaluating whether large language models (LLMs) capture the structure of natural language beyond local fluency remains an open challenge. Existing evaluation methods, largely based on task performance or short-context behavior, provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

Despite their groundbreaking performance for many generative modeling tasks, diffusion models have fallen short on discrete data domains such as natural language. Crucially, standard diffusion models rely on the well-established theory of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-10 Aaron Lou , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon

Deep-learning models for language generation tasks tend to produce repetitive output. Various methods have been proposed to encourage lexical diversity during decoding, but this often comes at a cost to the perceived fluency and adequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Giulio Zhou , Gerasimos Lampouras

While LLM-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) achieves high accuracy, its speed is limited by sequential autoregressive decoding. Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a parallel alternative, yet their decoding strategies remain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Jeong Hun Yeo , Minsu Kim , Hyeongseop Rha , Yong Man Ro

The success of autoregressive (AR) language models in text generation has inspired the computer vision community to adopt Large Language Models (LLMs) for image generation. However, considering the essential differences between text and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xuantong Liu , Shaozhe Hao , Xianbiao Qi , Tianyang Hu , Jun Wang , Rong Xiao , Yuan Yao

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) exhibit comparable performance to LLMs while offering distinct advantages in inference speed and mathematical reasoning tasks.The precise and rapid generation capabilities of LLDMs amplify concerns of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuanhe Zhang , Fangzhou Xie , Zhenhong Zhou , Zherui Li , Hao Chen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful tool for statistical text analysis, with derived sequences of next-token probability distributions offering a wealth of information. Extracting this signal typically relies on metrics such as…