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We develop a mathematical framework to optimize leveraged staking ("loopy") strategies in Decentralized Finance (DeFi), in which a staked asset is supplied as collateral, the underlying is borrowed and re-staked, and the loop can be…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-21 Bastien Baude , Vincent Danos , Hamza El Khalloufi

Credit networks rely on decentralized, pairwise trust relationships (channels) to exchange money or goods. Credit networks arise naturally in many financial systems, including the recent construct of payment channel networks in blockchain…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Vibhaalakshmi Sivaraman , Weizhao Tang , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan , Giulia Fanti , Mohammad Alizadeh

DeFi, or Decentralized Finance, is based on a distributed ledger called blockchain technology. Using blockchain, DeFi may customize the execution of predetermined operations between parties. The DeFi system use blockchain technology to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Wenkai Li , Jiuyang Bu , Xiaoqi Li , Hongli Peng , Yuanzheng Niu , Yuqing Zhang

Permissionless blockchains offer an information environment where users can interact privately without fear of censorship. Financial services can be programmatically coded via smart contracts to automate transactions without the need for…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-12-13 Kanis Saengchote

Blockchain is a paradigm derived from distributed systems, protocols, and security concepts. However, can blockchain applications provide services in industrial environments, especially concerning performance issues? In blockchains, long…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Carlos Melo , Glauber Gonçalves , Francisco A. Silva , André Soares

Cross-chain bridges are essential decentralized applications (DApps) to facilitate interoperability between different blockchain networks. Unlike regular DApps, the functionality of cross-chain bridges relies on the collaboration of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiajing Wu , Kaixin Lin , Dan Lin , Bozhao Zhang , Zhiying Wu , Jianzhong Su

Decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols are crypto projects developed on the blockchain to manage digital assets. Attacks on DeFi have been frequent and have resulted in losses exceeding $80 billion. Current tools detect and locate possible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Zhiquan Liu , Yuqing Zhang , Yingjie Mao

Cross-chain bridges are solutions that enable interoperability between heterogeneous blockchains. In contrast to the underlying blockchains, the bridges often provide inferior security guarantees and have been targets of hacks causing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jakob Svennevik Notland , Jinguye Li , Mariusz Nowostawski , Peter Halland Haro

Decentralized lending protocols, exemplified by Aave V3, have transformed financial intermediation by enabling permissionless, multi-chain borrowing and lending without intermediaries. Despite managing over $10 billion in total value…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Junyi Fan , Li Sun

This work explores the formation and propagation of systemic risks across traditional finance (TradFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi), offering a comparative framework that bridges these two increasingly interconnected ecosystems. We…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-19 Sabrina Aufiero , Silvia Bartolucci , Fabio Caccioli , Pierpaolo Vivo

Blockchain bridges have become essential infrastructure for enabling interoperability across different blockchain networks, with more than $24B monthly bridge transaction volume. However, their growing adoption has been accompanied by a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Poupak Azad , Jiahua Xu , Yebo Feng , Preston Strowbridge , Cuneyt Akcora

The Layer 2 Atomic Cross-Blockchain Function Calls protocol allows composable programming across Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one part fails,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Peter Robinson , Raghavendra Ramesh

Cross-chain bridges play a vital role in enabling blockchain interoperability. However, due to the inherent design flaws and the enormous value they hold, they have become prime targets for hacker attacks. Existing detection methods show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dan Lin , Shunfeng Lu , Ziyan Liu , Jiajing Wu , Junyuan Fang , Kaixin Lin , Bowen Song , Zibin Zheng

We investigate the impact of order flow imbalance (OFI) on price movements in equity markets in a multi-asset setting. First, we propose a systematic approach for combining OFIs at the top levels of the limit order book into an integrated…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-16 Rama Cont , Mihai Cucuringu , Chao Zhang

Bitcoin's limited scripting capabilities and lack of native interoperability mechanisms have constrained its integration into the broader blockchain ecosystem, especially decentralized finance (DeFi) and multi-chain applications. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guojun Tang , Carylyne Chan , Ning Nan , Spencer Yang , Jiayu Zhou , Henry Leung , Mohammad Mamun , Steve Drew

We derive five tractable credit risk metrics for DeFi lending vault depositors, grounded in a formal three level decomposition of vault risk into mechanical loss channels (Level 1), governance quality (Level 2) and smart contract code…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-22 Anastasiia Zbandut , Carolina Goldstein

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has the potential to disrupt centralized finance by validating peer-to-peer transactions through tamper-proof smart contracts, thus significantly lowering the transaction cost charged by financial…

General Economics · Economics 2023-12-04 Ziqiao Ao , Lin William Cong , Gergely Horvath , Luyao Zhang

As of August 2022, blockchain-based assets boast a combined market capitalisation exceeding one trillion USD, among which the most prominent are the decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) tokens associated with decentralised finance…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-08 Teng Andrea Xu , Jiahua Xu , Kristof Lommers

Blockchain interoperability protocols enable cross-chain asset transfers or data retrievals between isolated chains, which are considered as the core infrastructure for Web 3.0 applications such as decentralized finance protocols. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yinfeng Cao , Jiannong Cao , Dongbin Bai , Long Wen , Yang Liu , Ruidong Li

Blockchain technology has revolutionized industries by enabling secure and decentralized transactions. However, the isolated nature of blockchain ecosystems hinders the seamless transfer of digital assets across different chains.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Nikita Belenkov , Valerian Callens , Alexandr Murashkin , Kacper Bak , Martin Derka , Jan Gorzny , Sung-Shine Lee