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Large language models (LLMs) achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they face challenges in managing long documents and extended conversations, due to significantly increased computational requirements, both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yucheng Li , Bo Dong , Chenghua Lin , Frank Guerin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated strong performance in multilingual question-answering (QA) tasks by leveraging relevant passages retrieved from corpora. In multilingual RAG (mRAG), the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

By simply incorporating demonstrations into the context, in-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to yield awesome performance on many tasks. In this study, we focus on passage-level long-context ICL for generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hao Sun , Chenming Tang , Gengyang Li , Yunfang Wu

Large language models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities across diverse tasks, yet their performance on extended contexts remains inconsistent. While prior research has emphasized mid-context degradation in question answering, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Pietro Bernardelle , Stefano Civelli , Kevin Roitero , Gianluca Demartini

Deductive reasoning plays a pivotal role in the formulation of sound and cohesive arguments. It allows individuals to draw conclusions that logically follow, given the truth value of the information provided. Recent progress in the domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating fluent but incorrect content, known as confabulation, which poses increasing risks in multi-turn or agentic applications where outputs may be reused as context. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Tianyi Zhou , Johanne Medina , Sanjay Chawla

How does the natural evolution of context paragraphs affect question answering in generative Large Language Models (LLMs)? To investigate this, we propose a framework for curating naturally evolved, human-edited variants of reading passages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yulong Wu , Viktor Schlegel , Riza Batista-Navarro

This paper presents a method to analyze the inference patterns used by Large Language Models (LLMs) for judgment in a case study on legal LLMs, so as to identify potential incorrect representations of the LLM, according to human domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Lu Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Yixing Li , Dongrui Liu , Qihan Ren , Shuai Zhao , Kun Kuang , Zilong Zheng , Quanshi Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu

Whereas the recent emergence of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has exhibited impressive general performance, it still has a large gap with fully-supervised models on specific tasks such as multi-span question answering. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Zixian Huang , Jiaying Zhou , Gengyang Xiao , Gong Cheng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external information into the response generation process. However, how context-faithful LLMs are and what factors influence LLMs' context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yuepei Li , Kang Zhou , Qiao Qiao , Bach Nguyen , Qing Wang , Qi Li

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of being in-context learners. However, the underlying mechanism of in-context learning (ICL) is still a major research question, and experimental research results about how models exploit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Aliakbar Nafar , Kristen Brent Venable , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Despite extensive research on a wide range of question answering (QA) systems, most existing work focuses on answer containment-i.e., assuming that answers can be directly extracted and/or generated from documents in the corpus. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jamshid Mozafari , Hamed Zamani , Guido Zuccon , Adam Jatowt

For knowledge intensive NLP tasks, it has been widely accepted that accessing more information is a contributing factor to improvements in the model's end-to-end performance. However, counter-intuitively, too much context can have a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Philhoon Oh , James Thorne

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) for Question Answering (QA) entails furnishing relevant context within the prompt to facilitate the LLM in answer generation. During the generation, inaccuracies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Barah Fazili , Koustava Goswami , Natwar Modani , Inderjeet Nair

Over the past few years, the abilities of large language models (LLMs) have received extensive attention, which have performed exceptionally well in complicated scenarios such as logical reasoning and symbolic inference. A significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Junbing Yan , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Wei Zhang

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is fundamentally determined by the contextual information provided during inference. This survey introduces Context Engineering, a formal discipline that transcends simple prompt design to…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various reasoning tasks, aided by techniques like chain-of-thought prompting that elicits verbalized reasoning. However, LLMs often generate text with obvious…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Zhihui Xie , Jizhou Guo , Tong Yu , Shuai Li

Large language models (LLMs) encode parametric knowledge about world facts and have shown remarkable performance in knowledge-driven NLP tasks. However, their reliance on parametric knowledge may cause them to overlook contextual cues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wenxuan Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen
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