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Enterprises commonly deploy heterogeneous database systems, each of which owns a distinct SQL dialect with different syntax rules, built-in functions, and execution constraints. However, most existing NL2SQL methods assume a single dialect…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiang Zhang , Hongming Xu , Le Zhou , Wei Zhou , Xuanhe Zhou , Guoliang Li , Yuyu Luo , Changdong Liu , Guorun Chen , Jiang Liao , Fan Wu

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) translates natural language questions into SQL queries, thereby making structured data accessible to non-technical users, serving as the foundation for intelligent data applications. State-of-the-art NL2SQL…

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) technology empowers non-expert users to query relational databases without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved NL2SQL algorithms, their rapid development…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shizheng Hou , Wenqi Pei , Nuo Chen , Quang-Trung Ta , Peng Lu , Beng Chin Ooi

Natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) aims to parse a natural language with a given database into a SQL query, which widely appears in practical Internet applications. Jointly encode database schema and question utterance is a difficult but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Junyang Huang , Yongbo Wang , Yongliang Wang , Yang Dong , Yanghua Xiao

Translating users' natural language questions into SQL queries (i.e., NL2SQL) significantly lowers the barriers to accessing relational databases. The emergence of Large Language Models has introduced a novel paradigm in NL2SQL tasks,…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Boyan Li , Yuyu Luo , Chengliang Chai , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang

In this paper, we present BAR-SQL (Boundary-Aware Reliable NL2SQL), a unified training framework that embeds reliability and boundary awareness directly into the generation process. We introduce a Seed Mutation data synthesis paradigm that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Songsong Tian , Kongsheng Zhuo , Zhendong Wang , Rong Shen , Shengtao Zhang , Yong Wu

In tackling the challenges of large language model (LLM) performance for Text-to-SQL tasks, we introduce CHASE-SQL, a new framework that employs innovative strategies, using test-time compute in multi-agent modeling to improve candidate…

Natural Language to SQL (i.e., NL2SQL) translation is crucial for democratizing database access, but even state-of-the-art models frequently generate semantically incorrect SQL queries, hindering the widespread adoption of these techniques…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

We present and apply two methods for addressing the problem of selecting relevant training data out of a general pool for use in tasks such as machine translation. Building on existing work on class-based language difference models, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Lucía Santamaría , Amittai Axelrod

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) benchmarks, yet their reported accuracy may be inflated by contamination from benchmark queries or structurally similar patterns seen during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Afshin Orojlooyjadid , Graham Horwood , Dan Roth

Clinicians exploring oncology trial repositories often need ad-hoc, multi-constraint queries over biomarkers, endpoints, interventions, and time, yet writing SQL requires schema expertise. We demo FD-NL2SQL, a feedback-driven clinical…

Detecting structural similarity between queries is essential for selecting examples in in-context learning models. However, assessing structural similarity based solely on the natural language expressions of queries, without considering SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei , Yuxi Feng , Raymond Li , Zhenan Fan , Weiwei Zhang

Natural Language Interfaces for Databases empower non-technical users to interact with data using natural language (NL). Advanced approaches, utilizing either neural sequence-to-sequence or more recent sophisticated large-scale language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuankai Fan , Tonghui Ren , Can Huang , Zhenying He , X. Sean Wang

A natural language database interface (NLDB) can democratize data-driven insights for non-technical users. However, existing Text-to-SQL semantic parsers cannot achieve high enough accuracy in the cross-database setting to allow good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Peng Xu , Wenjie Zi , Hamidreza Shahidi , Ákos Kádár , Keyi Tang , Wei Yang , Jawad Ateeq , Harsh Barot , Meidan Alon , Yanshuai Cao

Robust evaluation in the presence of linguistic variation is key to understanding the generalization capabilities of Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) models, yet existing benchmarks rarely address this factor in a systematic or controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Afshin Oroojlooyjadid , Dan Roth

Text-to-SQL generation enables non-experts to interact with databases via natural language. Recent advances rely on large closed-source models like GPT-4 that present challenges in accessibility, privacy, and latency. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Satya Krishna Gorti , Ilan Gofman , Zhaoyan Liu , Jiapeng Wu , Noël Vouitsis , Guangwei Yu , Jesse C. Cresswell , Rasa Hosseinzadeh

Objective: Natural language processing can help minimize human intervention in identifying patients meeting eligibility criteria for clinical trials, but there is still a long way to go to obtain a general and systematic approach that is…

The natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) task plays a pivotal role in democratizing data access by enabling non-expert users to interact with relational databases through intuitive language. While recent frameworks have enhanced translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 David Onyango , Naseef Mansoor

Instruction tuning is critical for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, and recent studies have demonstrated that small amounts of human-curated data can outperform larger datasets, challenging traditional data scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jinlong Pang , Jiaheng Wei , Ankit Parag Shah , Zhaowei Zhu , Yaxuan Wang , Chen Qian , Yang Liu , Yujia Bao , Wei Wei

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) systems translate natural language into SQL queries, allowing users with no technical background to interact with databases and create tools like reports or visualizations. While recent advancements in large…

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