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Video large language models (Video-LLMs) face high computational costs due to large volumes of visual tokens. Existing token compression methods typically adopt a two-stage spatiotemporal compression strategy, relying on stage-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junhao Du , Jialong Xue , Anqi Li , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) aim to jointly perform multimodal understanding and generation within a single framework. We present TUNA, a native UMM that builds a unified continuous visual representation by cascading a VAE encoder with…

The development of unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the granularity gap between visual understanding and generation: understanding requires high-level semantic abstractions, while image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Li , Ning Liao , Xiangyu Zhao , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaoxing Wang , Yifan Yang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

Visual generative and understanding models typically rely on distinct tokenizers to process images, presenting a key challenge for unifying them within a single framework. Recent studies attempt to address this by connecting the training of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chuofan Ma , Yi Jiang , Junfeng Wu , Jihan Yang , Xin Yu , Zehuan Yuan , Bingyue Peng , Xiaojuan Qi

We introduce UniToken, an auto-regressive generation model that encodes visual inputs through a combination of discrete and continuous representations, enabling seamless integration of unified visual understanding and image generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yang Jiao , Haibo Qiu , Zequn Jie , Shaoxiang Chen , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) process a large number of visual tokens, leading to significant computational costs and inefficiency. Instruction-related visual token compression demonstrates strong task relevance, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lei Lei , Jie Gu , Xiaokang Ma , Chu Tang , Jingmin Chen , Tong Xu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend the success of language models to visual understanding, and recent efforts have sought to build unified MLLMs that support both understanding and generation. However, constructing such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanyu Wang , Jiaming Han , Ziyan Yang , Qi Zhao , Shanchuan Lin , Xiangyu Yue , Abhinav Shrivastava , Zhenheng Yang , Hao Chen

Unified multimodal transformers, which handle both generation and understanding tasks within a shared parameter space, have received increasing attention in recent research. Although various unified transformers have been proposed, training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Weijia Mao , Zhenheng Yang , Mike Zheng Shou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance their perceptual capabilities by integrating visual and textual information. However, processing the massive number of visual tokens incurs a significant computational cost. Existing analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal understanding tasks. However, the increasing demand for high-resolution image and long-video understanding results in substantial token counts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Junjie Chen , Xuyang Liu , Zichen Wen , Yiyu Wang , Siteng Huang , Honggang Chen

Vision encoders serve as the cornerstone of multimodal understanding. Single-encoder architectures like CLIP exhibit inherent constraints in generalizing across diverse multimodal tasks, while recent multi-encoder fusion methods introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yuchen Liu , Yaoming Wang , Bowen Shi , Xiaopeng Zhang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Hongkai Xiong , Qi Tian

To utilize visual information, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the perception process of its vision encoder. The completeness and accuracy of visual perception significantly influence the precision of spatial reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Runpeng Yu , Xinyin Ma , Xinchao Wang

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) integrate multimodal understanding and generation, yet they are limited to maintaining visual consistency and disambiguating visual cues when referencing details across multiple input images. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pengcheng Xu , Peng Tang , Donghao Luo , Xiaobin Hu , Weichu Cui , Qingdong He , Zhennan Chen , Jiangning Zhang , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

Classical visual coding and Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) token technology share the core objective - maximizing information fidelity while minimizing computational cost. Therefore, this paper reexamines MLLM token technology,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jinming Liu , Junyan Lin , Yuntao Wei , Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Jianguo Huang , Xudong Yang , Zhibo Chen , Huan Wang , Xin Jin

Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2), a vision foundation model has significantly advanced in prompt-driven video object segmentation, yet their practical deployment remains limited by the high computational and memory cost of processing dense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Avilasha Mandal , Chaoning Zhang , Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari , Xudong Wang , Jiaquan Zhang , Caiyan Qin , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

Multimodal content is crucial for click-through rate (CTR) prediction. However, directly incorporating continuous embeddings from pre-trained models into CTR models yields suboptimal results due to misaligned optimization objectives and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ziye Tong , Jiahao Liu , Weimin Zhang , Hongji Ruan , Derick Tang , Zhanpeng Zeng , Qinsong Zeng , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Ning Gu

Existing test-time scaling (TTS) methods for unified multimodal models (UMMs) in text-to-image (T2I) generation primarily rely on search or sampling strategies that produce only instance-level improvements, limiting the ability to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Lit Sin Tan , Junzhe Chen , Xiaolong Fu , Lichen Ma , Junshi Huang , Jianzhong Shi , Yan Li , Lijie Wen

While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have made significant progress, they remain largely text-centric, relying on language as their core reasoning modality. As a result, they are limited in their ability to handle reasoning tasks that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Kelvin Li , Chuyi Shang , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig