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Adversarial attacks exploit the vulnerabilities of convolutional neural networks by introducing imperceptible perturbations that lead to misclassifications, exposing weaknesses in feature representations and decision boundaries. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Longwei Wang , Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Rakin

Previous deep learning approaches for survival analysis have primarily relied on ranking losses to improve discrimination performance, which often comes at the expense of calibration performance. To address such an issue, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Dongjoon Lee , Hyeryn Park , Changhee Lee

We introduce Causal Computational Asymmetry (CCA), a principle for causal direction identification based on optimization dynamics in which one neural network is trained to predict $Y$ from $X$ and another to predict $X$ from $Y$, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Abdulrahman Tamim

Advanced music recommendation systems are being introduced along with the development of machine learning. However, it is essential to design a music recommendation system that can increase user satisfaction by understanding users' music…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Minju Park , Kyogu Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance through pretraining on extensive data. This enables efficient adaptation to diverse downstream tasks. However, the lack of interpretability in their underlying mechanisms limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xintong Wang , Jingheng Pan , Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Longqin Jiang , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

In inductive transfer learning, fine-tuning pre-trained convolutional networks substantially outperforms training from scratch. When using fine-tuning, the underlying assumption is that the pre-trained model extracts generic features, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Xuhong Li , Yves Grandvalet , Franck Davoine

Continual lifelong learning requires an agent or model to learn many sequentially ordered tasks, building on previous knowledge without catastrophically forgetting it. Much work has gone towards preventing the default tendency of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Shawn Beaulieu , Lapo Frati , Thomas Miconi , Joel Lehman , Kenneth O. Stanley , Jeff Clune , Nick Cheney

Contrastive dimension reduction methods have been developed for case-control study data to identify variation that is enriched in the foreground (case) data X relative to the background (control) data Y. Here, we develop contrastive…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-09 Boyang Zhang , Sarah Nyquist , Andrew Jones , Barbara E. Engelhardt , Didong Li

There is substantial interest in the use of machine learning (ML) based techniques throughout the electronic computer-aided design (CAD) flow, particularly those based on deep learning. However, while deep learning methods have surpassed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Kang Liu , Haoyu Yang , Yuzhe Ma , Benjamin Tan , Bei Yu , Evangeline F. Y. Young , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved great success in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks under the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm. With large quantities of parameters, PLMs are computation-intensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Runxin Xu , Fuli Luo , Chengyu Wang , Baobao Chang , Jun Huang , Songfang Huang , Fei Huang

Large language models excel at complex instructions yet struggle to deviate from their helpful assistant persona, as post-training instills strong priors that resist conflicting instructions. We introduce system prompt strength, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Zheng Hui , Nigel Collier

Most commonly used language models (LMs) are instruction-tuned and aligned using a combination of fine-tuning and reinforcement learning, causing them to refuse users requests deemed harmful by the model. However, jailbreak prompts can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Aryan Shrivastava , Ari Holtzman

A neural networks (NN) compensator is designed for systems with multi-segment piecewise-linear nonlinearities. The compensator uses the back stepping technique with NN for inverting the multi-segment piecewise-linear nonlinearities in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-04 Jun Oh Jang

Pre-training is crucial for large language models (LLMs), as it is when most representations and capabilities are acquired. However, natural language pre-training has problems: high-quality text is finite, it contains human biases, and it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Dan Lee , Seungwook Han , Akarsh Kumar , Pulkit Agrawal

Network representation learning seeks to embed networks into a low-dimensional space while preserving the structural and semantic properties, thereby facilitating downstream tasks such as classification, trait prediction, edge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-16 Zihan Dong , Xin Zhou , Ryumei Nakada , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

We examine whether neural natural language processing (NLP) systems reflect historical biases in training data. We define a general benchmark to quantify gender bias in a variety of neural NLP tasks. Our empirical evaluation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Kaiji Lu , Piotr Mardziel , Fangjing Wu , Preetam Amancharla , Anupam Datta

Deep neural networks excel at comprehending complex visual signals, delivering on par or even superior performance to that of human experts. However, ad-hoc visual explanations of model decisions often reveal an alarming level of reliance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Dong Wang , Yuewei Yang , Chenyang Tao , Zhe Gan , Liqun Chen , Fanjie Kong , Ricardo Henao , Lawrence Carin

Refusal is a key safety behavior in aligned language models, yet the internal mechanisms driving refusals remain opaque. In this work, we conduct a mechanistic study of refusal in instruction-tuned LLMs using sparse autoencoders to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Wei Jie Yeo , Nirmalendu Prakash , Clement Neo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Erik Cambria , Ranjan Satapathy

Transfer learning with large pretrained transformer-based language models like BERT has become a dominating approach for most NLP tasks. Simply fine-tuning those large language models on downstream tasks or combining it with task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Wenjuan Han , Bo Pang , Yingnian Wu

We propose to train bi-directional neural network language model(NNLM) with noise contrastive estimation(NCE). Experiments are conducted on a rescore task on the PTB data set. It is shown that NCE-trained bi-directional NNLM outperformed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Tianxing He , Yu Zhang , Jasha Droppo , Kai Yu