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We introduce an innovative RAG-based framework with an ever-improving memory. Inspired by humans'pedagogical process, RAM utilizes recursively reasoning-based retrieval and experience reflections to continually update the memory and learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jiaqi Li , Xiaobo Wang , Wentao Ding , Zihao Wang , Yipeng Kang , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) enhances factual reasoning in LLMs by structurally modeling knowledge through graph-based representations. However, existing GraphRAG approaches face two core limitations: shallow retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Cehao Yang , Xiaojun Wu , Xueyuan Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Yuanliang Sun , Jia Li , Hui Xiong , Jian Guo

Generative agents powered by language models are increasingly deployed for long-horizon tasks. However, as long-term memory context grows over time, they struggle to maintain coherence. This deficiency leads to critical failures, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Daniel Platnick , Mohamed E. Bengueddache , Marjan Alirezaie , Dava J. Newman , Alex ''Sandy'' Pentland , Hossein Rahnama

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access broader knowledge sources, yet factual inconsistencies persist due to noise in retrieved documents-even with advanced retrieval methods. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongjian Li , HaoCheng Chu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Ruobing Wang , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate structured knowledge via graph retrieval as contextual input, enhancing more accurate and context-aware reasoning. We observe that for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qiuyu Zhu , Liang Zhang , Qianxiong Xu , Cheng Long , Jie Zhang

Conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) but often fall short on complex queries, delivering limited, extractive answers and struggling with multiple targeted retrievals or navigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jean Lelong , Adnane Errazine , Annabelle Blangero

Grounded Multimodal Named Entity Recognition (GMNER) aims to extract named entities and localize their visual regions within image-text pairs, serving as a pivotal capability for various downstream applications. In open-world social media…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jielong Tang , Xujie Yuan , Jiayang Liu , Jianxing Yu , Xiao Dong , Lin Chen , Yunlai Teng , Shimin Di , Jian Yin

The Transformer architecture, underpinned by the self-attention mechanism, has become the de facto standard for sequence modeling tasks. However, its core computational primitive scales quadratically with sequence length (O(N^2)), creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rishiraj Acharya

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) was introduced to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond their encoded prior knowledge. This is achieved by providing LLMs with an external source of knowledge, which helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hazem Amamou , Stéphane Gagnon , Alan Davoust , Anderson R. Avila

Reinforcement learning is increasingly used to transform large language models into agentic systems that act over long horizons, invoke tools, and manage memory under partial observability. While recent work has demonstrated performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ken Huang , Jerry Huang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown great capability in enhancing Large Language Model (LLM)'s answer with an external knowledge base. Compared to traditional RAG, it introduces a graph as an intermediate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ke Wang , Bo Pan , Yingchaojie Feng , Yuwei Wu , Jieyi Chen , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

Despite the superior performance of Large language models on many NLP tasks, they still face significant limitations in memorizing extensive world knowledge. Recent studies have demonstrated that leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Nan Du , Sihong Xie

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by structuring retrieval over an external corpus. However, existing approaches typically assume a static corpus, requiring expensive full-graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Fangyuan Zhang , Zhengjun Huang , Yingli Zhou , Qintian Guo , Zhixun Li , Wensheng Luo , Di Jiang , Yixiang Fang , Xiaofang Zhou

Graph State Space Models (SSMs) have recently been introduced to enhance Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in modeling long-range interactions. Despite their success, existing methods either compromise on permutation equivariance or limit their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Moshe Eliasof , Alessio Gravina , Andrea Ceni , Claudio Gallicchio , Davide Bacciu , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Effective knowledge management is critical for preserving institutional expertise and improving the efficiency of workforce training in state transportation agencies. Traditional approaches, such as static documentation, classroom-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Divija Amaram , Lu Gao , Gowtham Reddy Gudla , Tejaswini Sanjay Katale

Knowledge graphs provide structured context for multi-hop question answering, but deployed systems must balance answer accuracy with strict latency and cost targets while preserving provenance. Static k-hop expansions and "think-longer"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yang Zhao , Chengxiao Dai , Wei Zhuo , Yue Xiu , Dusit Niyato

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the dominant paradigm for grounding large language model outputs in verifiable evidence. However, as modern AI agents transition from static knowledge bases to continuous multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Rohan Wandre , Yash Gajewar , Namrata Patel , Vivek Dhalkari

Despite the success of integrating large language models into the development of conversational systems, many studies have shown the effectiveness of retrieving and augmenting external knowledge for informative responses. Hence, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xi Wang , Procheta Sen , Ruizhe Li , Emine Yilmaz