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In this paper, we propose a data-driven framework for constructing efficient approximate inverse preconditioners for elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning the Green's function of the underlying operator with neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Tianshi Xu , Rui Peng Li , Yuanzhe Xi

While many problems in machine learning focus on learning mappings between finite-dimensional spaces, scientific applications require approximating mappings between function spaces, i.e., operators. We study the problem of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Adrien Weihs , Jingmin Sun , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

We study the approximation rates of a class of deep neural network approximations of operators which arise as data-to-solution maps $\mathcal{S}$ of linear elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), and act between pairs $X,Y$ of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Carlo Marcati , Christoph Schwab

Operator regression provides a powerful means of constructing discretization-invariant emulators for partial-differential equations (PDEs) describing physical systems. Neural operators specifically employ deep neural networks to approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Katiana Kontolati , Somdatta Goswami , George Em Karniadakis , Michael D. Shields

In many mechanistic medical, biological, physical and engineered spatiotemporal dynamic models the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) can make simulations impractically slow. Biological models require the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-11 J. Quetzalcóatl Toledo-Marín , Geoffrey Fox , James P. Sluka , James A. Glazier

We study the derivative-informed learning of nonlinear operators between infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces by neural networks. Such operators can arise from the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), and are used in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Dingcheng Luo , Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry , Peng Chen , Omar Ghattas

Reaction-diffusion systems represent one of the most fundamental formulations used to describe a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. With the increasing adoption of neural networks, recent research has focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Haotian Feng

Neural networks can be used to learn the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary domains without requiring a computational mesh. Common approaches integrate differential operators in training neural networks using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

This article introduces GIT-Net, a deep neural network architecture for approximating Partial Differential Equation (PDE) operators, inspired by integral transform operators. GIT-NET harnesses the fact that differential operators commonly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-06 Chao Wang , Alexandre Hoang Thiery

Operator learning based on neural operators has emerged as a promising paradigm for the data-driven approximation of operators, mapping between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Despite significant empirical progress, our theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Samuel Lanthaler

Learning underlying dynamics from data is important and challenging in many real-world scenarios. Incorporating differential equations (DEs) to design continuous networks has drawn much attention recently, however, most prior works make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yesom Park , Jaemoo Choi , Changyeon Yoon , Chang hoon Song , Myungjoo Kang

We perform a comprehensive numerical study of the effect of approximation-theoretical results for neural networks on practical learning problems in the context of numerical analysis. As the underlying model, we study the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Moritz Geist , Philipp Petersen , Mones Raslan , Reinhold Schneider , Gitta Kutyniok

While it is widely known that neural networks are universal approximators of continuous functions, a less known and perhaps more powerful result is that a neural network with a single hidden layer can approximate accurately any nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Pengzhan Jin , George Em Karniadakis

Neural operator approximations of the gain kernels in PDE backstepping has emerged as a viable method for implementing controllers in real time. With such an approach, one approximates the gain kernel, which maps the plant coefficient into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Luke Bhan , Yuanyuan Shi , Miroslav Krstic

Neural networks are one tool for approximating non-linear differential equations used in scientific computing tasks such as surrogate modeling, real-time predictions, and optimal control. PDE foundation models utilize neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Elisa Negrini , Yuxuan Liu , Liu Yang , Stanley J. Osher , Hayden Schaeffer

This work introduces a paradigm for constructing parametric neural operators that are derived from finite-dimensional representations of Green's operators for linear partial differential equations (PDEs). We refer to such neural operators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hugo Melchers , Joost Prins , Michael Abdelmalik

This paper introduces an operator-based neural network, the mirror-padded Fourier neural operator (MFNO), designed to learn the dynamics of stochastic systems. MFNO extends the standard Fourier neural operator (FNO) by incorporating mirror…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wonjae Lee , Taeyoung Kim , Hyungbin Park

We develop a new and general encode-approximate-reconstruct operator learning model that leverages learned neural representations of bases for input and output function distributions. We introduce the concepts of \textit{numerical operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jacob Hauck , Yanzhi Zhang

This paper provides a new numerical strategy to solve fractional in space reaction-diffusion equations on bounded domains under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Using the matrix transform method the fractional Laplacian operator…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Lidia Aceto , Paolo Novati

In this work, we consider the problem of learning nonlinear operators that correspond to discrete-time nonlinear dynamical systems with inputs. Given an initial state and a finite input trajectory, such operators yield a finite output…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Mircea Lazar