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Precision measurements and new physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider require efficient simulations of particle propagation and interactions within the detectors. The most computationally expensive simulations involve calorimeter…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-29 Jesse C. Cresswell , Brendan Leigh Ross , Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , Marco Letizia , Anthony L. Caterini

In High Energy Physics, detailed calorimeter simulations and reconstructions are essential for accurate energy measurements and particle identification, but their high granularity makes them computationally expensive. Developing data-driven…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-31 Andrea Cosso

Score based generative models are a new class of generative models that have been shown to accurately generate high dimensional calorimeter datasets. Recent advances in generative models have used images with 3D voxels to represent and…

Whenever invertible generative networks are needed for LHC physics, normalizing flows show excellent performance. In this work, we investigate their performance for fast calorimeter shower simulations with increasing phase space dimension.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-06 Florian Ernst , Luigi Favaro , Claudius Krause , Tilman Plehn , David Shih

In this study, a novel approach is demonstrated for converting calorimeter images from fast simulations to those akin to comprehensive full simulations, utilizing conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The concept of pix2pix is…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-12-11 Ebru Simsek , Bora Isildak , Anil Dogru , Reyhan , Aydogan Burak Bayrak , Seyda Ertekin

We present LEMURS: an extensive dataset of simulated calorimeter showers designed to support the development and benchmarking of fast simulation methods in high-energy physics, most notably providing a step towards the development of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-04 Peter McKeown , Piyush Raikwar , Anna Zaborowska

We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method -- which we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-23 Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Claudius Krause , Imahn Shekhzadeh , David Shih

Physicists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) rely on detailed simulations of particle collisions to build expectations of what experimental data may look like under different theory modeling assumptions. Petabytes of simulated data are…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2018-02-06 Michela Paganini , Luke de Oliveira , Benjamin Nachman

In the quest to build generative surrogate models as computationally efficient alternatives to rule-based simulations, the quality of the generated samples remains a crucial frontier. So far, normalizing flows have been among the models…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-05 Thorsten Buss , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Claudius Krause , David Shih

Simulating particle detector response is the single most expensive step in the Large Hadron Collider computational pipeline. Recently it was shown that normalizing flows can accelerate this process while achieving unprecedented levels of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-15 Matthew R. Buckley , Claudius Krause , Ian Pang , David Shih

The high-dimensional complex nature of detectors makes fast calorimeter simulations a prime application for modern generative machine learning. Vision transformers (ViTs) can emulate the Geant4 response with unmatched accuracy and are not…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-26 Luigi Favaro , Andrea Giammanco , Claudius Krause

Calorimeter shower simulation is a major bottleneck in the Large Hadron Collider computational pipeline. There have been recent efforts to employ deep-generative surrogate models to overcome this challenge. However, many of best performing…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-17 Ian Pang , John Andrew Raine , David Shih

Detector simulations are an exciting application of modern generative networks. Their sparse high-dimensional data combined with the required precision poses a serious challenge. We show how combining Conditional Flow Matching with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-12 Luigi Favaro , Ayodele Ore , Sofia Palacios Schweitzer , Tilman Plehn

Diffusion models demonstrate outstanding performance in image generation, but their multi-step inference mechanism requires immense computational cost. Previous works accelerate inference by leveraging layer or token cache techniques to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haowei Zhu , Ji Liu , Ziqiong Liu , Dong Li , Junhai Yong , Bin Wang , Emad Barsoum

In this work we consider the problem of determining the identity of hadrons at high energies based on the topology of their energy depositions in dense matter, along with the time of the interactions. Using GEANT4 simulations of a…

The need for large-scale production of highly accurate simulated event samples for the extensive physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider motivates the development of new simulation techniques. Building on the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-04-18 ATLAS Collaboration

The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC will come with unprecedented physics and computing challenges. One of these challenges is the accurate reconstruction of particles in events with up to 200 simultaneous proton-proton interactions. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-04 Shah Rukh Qasim , Kenneth Long , Jan Kieseler , Maurizio Pierini , Raheel Nawaz

Accurate and efficient detector simulation is essential for modern collider experiments. To reduce the high computational cost, various fast machine learning surrogate models have been proposed. Traditional surrogate models for calorimeter…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-21 Thorsten Buss , Henry Day-Hall , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Katja Krüger

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in image and video generation, but their success comes at the cost of heavy computation. This inefficiency is largely due to the fixed tokenization process, which uses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Dahye Kim , Deepti Ghadiyaram , Raghudeep Gadde

Conditional 3D generation is undergoing a significant advancement, enabling the free creation of 3D content from inputs such as text or 2D images. However, previous approaches have suffered from low inference efficiency, limited generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Zekun Qi , Muzhou Yu , Runpei Dong , Kaisheng Ma