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We study the design of small cost temporally connected graphs, under various constraints. We mainly consider undirected graphs of $n$ vertices, where each edge has an associated set of discrete availability instances (labels). A journey…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-07-07 Eleni C. Akrida , Leszek Gasieniec , George B. Mertzios , Paul G. Spirakis

We present algorithms and experiments for the visualization of directed graphs that focus on displaying their reachability information. Our algorithms are based on the concepts of the path and channel decomposition as proposed in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Panagiotis Lionakis , Giacomo Ortali , Ioannis G. Tollis

We address the problem of testing whether a given dynamic graph is temporally connected, {\it i.e} a temporal path (also called a {\em journey}) exists between all pairs of vertices. We consider a discrete version of the problem, where the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-06 Matthieu Barjon , Arnaud Casteigts , Serge Chaumette , Colette Johnen , Yessin M. Neggaz

Temporal graphs are graphs whose topology is subject to discrete changes over time. Given a static underlying graph $G$, a temporal graph is represented by assigning a set of integer time-labels to every edge $e$ of $G$, indicating the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-09-30 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Rolf Niedermeier , Viktor Zamaraev , Philipp Zschoche

Reachability is the problem of deciding whether there is a path from one vertex to the other in the graph. Standard graph traversal algorithms such as DFS and BFS take linear time to decide reachability however their space complexity is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Rahul Jain , Raghunath Tewari

Temporal graphs are graphs whose edges are only present at certain points in time. Reachability in these graphs relies on temporal paths, where edges are traversed chronologically. A temporal graph that offers all-pairs reachability is said…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Arnaud Casteigts , Christian Komusiewicz , Nils Morawietz

In a temporal graph, each edge is available at specific points in time. Such an availability point is often represented by a ''temporal edge'' that can be traversed from its tail only at a specific departure time, for arriving in its head…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Filippo Brunelli , Laurent Viennot

A long standing open problem in extremal graph theory is to describe all graphs that maximize the number of induced copies of a path on four vertices. The character of the problem changes in the setting of oriented graphs, and becomes more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-12 Ilkyoo Choi , Bernard Lidický , Florian Pfender

A temporal graph is a graph in which the edge set can change from one time step to the next. The temporal graph exploration problem TEXP is the problem of computing a foremost exploration schedule for a temporal graph, i.e., a temporal walk…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Thomas Erlebach , Michael Hoffmann , Frank Kammer

We introduce a technique for reachability analysis of Time-Basic (TB) Petri nets, a powerful formalism for real- time systems where time constraints are expressed as intervals, representing possible transition firing times, whose bounds are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-07-07 Carlo Bellettini , Lorenzo Capra

We introduce the TemporallyEdgeDisjointScheduleCompletion (TEDSC) problem in which we need to cover a set of temporal edge demands $D$ by routing $k$ temporal walks through a directed static graph while remaining temporally edge disjoint.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Michelle Döring , Niklas Mohrin , George Skretas

In this paper we initiate the study of the temporal graph realization problem with respect to the fastest path durations among its vertices, while we focus on periodic temporal graphs. Given an $n \times n$ matrix $D$ and a $\Delta \in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Nina Klobas , George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Paul G. Spirakis

Temporal graphs represent interactions between entities over the time. These interactions may be direct (a contact between two nodes at some time instant), or indirect, through sequences of contacts called temporal paths (journeys).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Luiz F. Afra Brito , Marcelo Albertini , Arnaud Casteigts , Bruno A. N. Travençolo

We consider the parameterized complexity of the problem of tracking shortest s-t paths in graphs, motivated by applications in security and wireless networks. Given an undirected and unweighted graph with a source s and a destination t,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Aritra Banik , Pratibha Choudhary , Venkatesh Raman , Saket Saurabh

Finding a Steiner strongly $k$-arc-connected orientation is particularly relevant in network design and reliability, as it guarantees robust communication between a designated set of critical nodes. Kir\'aly and Lau (FOCS 2006) introduced a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Kristóf Bérczi , Florian Hörsch , András Imolay , Tamás Schwarcz

We aim to find orientations of mixed graphs optimizing the total reachability, a problem that has applications in causality and biology. For given a digraph $D$, we use $P(D)$ for the set of ordered pairs of distinct vertices in $V(D)$ and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Florian Hörsch

In this paper, we study the complexity of the periodic temporal graph realization problem with respect to upper bounds on the fastest path durations among its vertices. This constraint with respect to upper bounds appears naturally in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-22 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Nils Morawietz , Paul G. Spirakis

The paper focuses on two problems: (i) how to orient the edges of an undirected graph in order to maximize the number of ordered vertex pairs (x,y) such that there is a directed path from x to y, and (ii) how to orient the edges so as to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-02 S. L. Hakimi , E. Schmeichel , Neal E. Young

In this paper, we consider the problem of maximizing the spread of influence through a social network. Given a graph with a threshold value~$thr(v)$ attached to each vertex~$v$, the spread of influence is modeled as follows: A vertex~$v$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Cristina Bazgan , Morgan Chopin , André Nichterlein , Florian Sikora

Connectivity in temporal graphs relies on the notion of temporal paths, in which edges follow a chronological order (either strict or non-strict). In this work, we investigate the question of how to make a temporal graph connected. More…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-21 T. Bellitto , J. Bouton Popper , B. Escoffier