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Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) in static random-access memory (SRAM) is promising for accelerating deep learning inference by circumventing the memory wall and exploiting ultra-efficient analog low-precision arithmetic. Latest analog CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Chen , Ziyuan Wen , Weier Wan , Akhil Reddy Pakala , Yiwei Zou , Wei-Chen Wei , Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Kaiyuan Yang

The emergence of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) provides opportunities for directly connecting persistent memory to main memory bus. While PCM achieves high read throughput and low standby power, the critical concerns are its poor write…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Yinjin Fu

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

Von Neumann architecture based computers isolate/physically separate computation and storage units i.e. data is shuttled between computation unit (processor) and memory unit to realize logic/ arithmetic and storage functions. This…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Sandeep Kaur Kingra , Vivek Parmar , Che-Chia Chang , Boris Hudec , Tuo-Hung Hou , Manan Suri

Mobile edge Large Language Model (LLM) deployments face inherent constraints, such as limited computational resources and network bandwidth. Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates some challenges by integrating external…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Guangyuan Liu , Yinqiu Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to improving the computing speed and energy efficiency in dataintensive applications. Beyond existing CiM techniques of bitwise logic-in-memory operations and dot product operations, this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yiming Chen , Yushen Fu , Mingyen Lee , Sumitha George , Yongpan Liu , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

In cloud and edge computing models, it is important that compute devices at the edge be as power efficient as possible. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks have been widely used for natural language processing, time series…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wen Ma , Pi-Feng Chiu , Won Ho Choi , Minghai Qin , Daniel Bedau , Martin Lueker-Boden

Single ferroelectric memcapacitor-based time-domain (TD) content-addressable memory (CAM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for high reliability and density. The proposed TD CAM features the symmetric capacitance-voltage…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Minjeong Ryu , Jae Seung Woo , Yeonwoo Kim , Woo Young Choi

The Transformer architecture, underpinned by the self-attention mechanism, has become the de facto standard for sequence modeling tasks. However, its core computational primitive scales quadratically with sequence length (O(N^2)), creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rishiraj Acharya

The computation and memory costs of large language models kept increasing over last decade, which reached over the scale of 1T parameters. To address the challenges from the large scale models, model compression techniques such as low-rank…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Faraz Tahmasebi , Michael Pelluer , Hyoukjun Kwon

Data movement in memory-intensive workloads, such as deep learning, incurs energy costs that are over three orders of magnitude higher than the cost of computation. Since these workloads involve frequent data transfers between memory and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bahareh Khabbazan , Marc Riera , Antonio González

Agentic code generation requires large language models (LLMs) capable of complex context management and multi-step reasoning. Prior multi-agent frameworks attempt to address these challenges through collaboration, yet they often suffer from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ming-Tung Shen , Yuh-Jzer Joung

This paper makes a case for accelerating lattice-based post quantum cryptography (PQC) with memristor based crossbars, and shows that these inherently error-tolerant algorithms are a good fit for noisy analog MAC operations in crossbars. We…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Sarabjeet Singh , Xiong Fan , Ananth Krishna Prasad , Lin Jia , Anirban Nag , Rajeev Balasubramonian , Mahdi Nazm Bojnordi , Elaine Shi

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks have penetrated healthcare applications where real-time requirements and edge computing capabilities are essential. Gait analysis that detects abnormal steps to prevent patients from falling is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Levent Aksoy , Mohammad Eslami , Jaan Raik , Alar Kuusik

Transformers face scalability challenges due to the quadratic cost of attention, which involves dense similarity computations between queries and keys. We propose CAMformer, a novel accelerator that reinterprets attention as an associative…

Deep random forest (DRF), which incorporates the core features of deep learning and random forest (RF), exhibits comparable classification accuracy, interpretability, and low memory and computational overhead when compared with deep neural…

In the quest for low power, bio-inspired computation both memristive and memcapacitive-based Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been the subjects of increasing focus for hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing. One step…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sachin Maheshwari , Alexander Serb , Christos Papavassiliou , Themistoklis Prodromakis

The speed of modern digital systems is severely limited by memory latency (the ``Memory Wall'' problem). Data exchange between Logic and Memory is also responsible for a large part of the system energy consumption. Logic--In--Memory (LiM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Fabrizio Ottati , Giovanna Turvani , Marco Vacca , Guido Masera

The Last Level Cache (LLC) is the processor's critical bridge between on-chip and off-chip memory levels - optimized for high density, high bandwidth, and low operation energy. To date, high-density (HD) SRAM has been the conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Faaiq Waqar , Jungyoun Kwak , Junmo Lee , Minji Shon , Mohammadhosein Gholamrezaei , Kevin Skadron , Shimeng Yu

The efficiency of Large Language Model~(LLM) inference is often constrained by substantial memory bandwidth and capacity demands. Existing techniques, such as pruning, quantization, and mixture of experts/depth, reduce memory capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Yunhua Fang , Zirak Burzin Engineer , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang
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