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Large impacts onto young rocky planets may transform their compositions, creating highly reducing conditions at their surfaces and reintroducing highly siderophile metals to their mantles. Key to these processes is the availability of an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jonathan P. Itcovitz , Auriol S. P. Rae , Thomas M. Davison , Gareth S. Collins , Oliver Shorttle

(16) Psyche is the largest M-type asteroid in the main belt and the target of the NASA Discovery-class Psyche mission. Despite gaining considerable interest in the scientific community, Psyche's composition and formation remain…

Asteroids and meteorites provide key evidence on the formation of planetesimals in the Solar System. Asteroids are traditionally thought to form in a bottom-up process by coagulation within a population of initially km-scale planetesimals.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Anders Johansen , Emmanuel Jacquet , Jeffrey N. Cuzzi , Alessandro Morbidelli , Matthieu Gounelle

Our knowledge of the strengths of small bodies in the Solar System is limited by our poor understanding of their internal structures, and this, in turn, clouds our understanding of the formation and evolution of these bodies. Observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-24 Ronald-Louis Ballouz , Derek C Richardson , Patrick Michel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Yang Yu

Asteroid Ryugu and asteroid Bennu, which were recently visited by spacecraft Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx, respectively, are spinning top-shaped rubble piles. Other axisymmetric top-shaped near-Earth asteroids have been observed with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-29 Keisuke Sugiura , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Sei-ichiro Watanabe , Hidenori Genda , Ryuki Hyodo , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

The origin of Mercury still remains poorly understood compared to the other rocky planets of the Solar System. One of the most relevant constraints that any formation model has to fulfill refers to its internal structure, with a predominant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-05 Patrick Franco , Fernando Roig , Othon C. Winter , Rafael Sfair , Christoph Burger , Christoph M. Schäfer

We explore the hypothesis that, due to small van der Waals forces between constituent grains, small rubble pile asteroids have a small but non-zero cohesive strength. The nature of this model predicts that the cohesive strength should be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Paul Sanchez , Daniel J. Scheeres

In the last decade, thanks to the development of sophisticated numerical codes, major breakthroughs have been achieved in our understanding of the formation of asteroid families by catastrophic disruption of large parent bodies. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Patrick Michel , Derek C. Richardson , Daniel D. Durda , Martin Jutzi , Erik Asphaug

In this work, we employ a soft-sphere discrete element method with a cohesion implementation to model the dynamical process of sub-km-sized cohesive rubble piles under continuous spinup. The dependencies of critical spin periods $T_c$ on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-24 Shoucun Hu , Derek C. Richardson , Yun Zhang , Jianghui Ji

Radar observations show that (16) Psyche is one of the largest and most massive asteroids of the M-class located in the main belt, with a diameter of approximately 230 km. This fact makes Psyche a unique object since observations indicated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-24 T. S. Moura , O. C. Winter , A. Amarante , R. Sfair , G. Borderes-Motta , G. Valvano

We investigate mantle stripping giant impacts (GI) between super-Earths with masses between 1 M$_{\oplus}$ and 20 M$_{\oplus}$. We infer new scaling laws for the mass of the largest fragment and its iron mass fraction, as well as updated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-12 Christian Reinhardt , Thomas Meier , Joachim Stadel , Jon Otegi , Ravit Helled

In this paper we investigate the formation of narrow planetary rings such as those found around Uranus and Saturn through the tidal disruption of a weak, gravitationally bound satellite that migrates within its Roche limit. Using $N$-body…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Zoe M. Leinhardt , Gordon I. Ogilvie , Henrik N. Latter , Eiichiro Kokubo

Asteroids are leftover pieces from the era of planet formation that help us understand conditions in the early Solar System. Unlike larger planetary bodies that were subject to global thermal modification during and subsequent to their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Kevin J. Walsh , Patrick Michel , Derek C. Richardson

During close approaches to planets or stars, the morphological and dynamical properties of rubble-pile small bodies can be modified, and some may catastrophically break up. This phenomenon is of particular interest for understanding the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-26 Yun Zhang , Patrick Michel

More than a half of asteroids in the main belt have irregular shapes with the ratios of the minor to major axis lengths less than 0.6. One of the mechanisms to create such shapes is collisions between asteroids. The relationship between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 Keisuke Sugiura , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

This work analyzes the energetics of asteroid rubble piles in order to understand what asteroid morphologies should naturally arise from their formation and evolution process. In doing this, a phase diagram is developed that maps out the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-24 D. J. Scheeres

A large population of planetary candidates in short-period orbits have been found through transit searches. Radial velocity surveys have also revealed several Jupiter-mass planets with highly eccentric orbits. Measurements of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Shang-Fei Liu , James Guillochon , Douglas N. C. Lin , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

The size distribution of asteroids in the solar system suggests that they formed top-down, with 100-1000 km bodies forming from the gravitational collapse of dense clumps of small solid particles. We investigate the conditions under which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-11 Daniel Carrera , Anders Johansen , Melvyn B. Davies

Much of the Earth was built by high-energy impacts of planetesimals and embryos, many of these impactors already differentiated, with metallic cores of their own. Geochemical data provide critical information on the timing of accretion and…

Geophysics · Physics 2014-03-05 Renaud Deguen , Maylis Landeau , Peter Olson

Asteroid shapes and satellites: role of gravitational reaccumulation. Following current evidences, it is widely accepted that many asteroids would be "gravitational aggregates", i.e. bodies lacking internal cohesion. They could mainly be…