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Large language models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive, copyrighted, and harmful knowledge from the training corpus; therefore, it is crucial to erase this knowledge from the models. Machine unlearning is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhitao He , Hongbang Yuan , Jiachun Li , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Generative models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive datasets can lead them to memorize and inadvertently reveal sensitive information, raising ethical and privacy concerns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Chunhui Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Large language model unlearning has become a critical challenge in ensuring safety and controlled model behavior by removing undesired data-model influences from the pretrained model while preserving general utility. Significant recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Soumyadeep Pal , Changsheng Wang , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Sijia Liu

Large language models (LLMs) may memorize sensitive or copyrighted content, raising privacy and legal concerns. Due to the high cost of retraining from scratch, researchers attempt to employ machine unlearning to remove specific content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xiaojian Yuan , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Min Lin

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have recently gained considerable attention due to the powerful reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Existing research predominantly focuses on enhancing the task performance of these agents in diverse…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Dayong Ye , Tainqing Zhu , Congcong Zhu , Feng He , Qi He , Shang Wang , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou

Large language models trained on web-scale corpora can memorize undesirable data containing misinformation, copyrighted material, or private or sensitive information. Recently, several machine unlearning algorithms have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Keivan Rezaei , Khyathi Chandu , Soheil Feizi , Yejin Choi , Faeze Brahman , Abhilasha Ravichander

Language models can retain dangerous knowledge and skills even after extensive safety fine-tuning, posing both misuse and misalignment risks. Recent studies show that even specialized unlearning methods can be easily reversed. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Filip Sondej , Yushi Yang , Mikołaj Kniejski , Marcel Windys

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in real-world settings increasingly face the need to unlearn sensitive, outdated, or proprietary information. Existing unlearning methods typically formulate forgetting and retention as a regularized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taha Entesari , Arman Hatami , Rinat Khaziev , Anil Ramakrishna , Mahyar Fazlyab

Current unlearning methods for LLMs optimize on the private information they seek to remove by incorporating it into their fine-tuning data. We argue this not only risks reinforcing exposure to sensitive data, but also fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yan Scholten , Sophie Xhonneux , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Machine unlearning aims to erase requested data from trained models without full retraining. For Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Models (RMLLMs), this is uniquely challenging: intermediate chain-of-thought steps can still leak sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hongji Li , Junchi yao , Manjiang Yu , Priyanka Singh , Xue Li , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

The growing concern over training data privacy has elevated the "Right to be Forgotten" into a critical requirement, thereby raising the demand for effective Machine Unlearning. However, existing unlearning approaches commonly suffer from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Haoyu Wang , Zhuo Huang , Xiaolong Wang , Bo Han , Zhiwei Lin , Tongliang Liu

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Our goal is to understand how post-training methods, such as fine-tuning, alignment, and unlearning, modify language model behavior and representations. We are particularly interested in the brittle nature of these modifications that makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy Qian , Vinith Suriyakumar , Ashia Wilson , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

LLMs trained on massive datasets may inadvertently acquire sensitive information such as personal details and potentially harmful content. This risk is further heightened in multimodal LLMs as they integrate information from multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vaidehi Patil , Yi-Lin Sung , Peter Hase , Jie Peng , Tianlong Chen , Mohit Bansal

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their security vulnerabilities have already drawn attention. Machine unlearning is introduced to seek to mitigate these risks by removing the influence of undesirable data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiang Zhang , Kun Wei , Xu Yang , Jiahua Li , Su Yan , Cheng Deng

Machine Unlearning (MU) aims at removing the influence of specific data from a pretrained model while preserving performance on the remaining data. In this work, a novel perspective for MU is presented upon low-dimensional feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kun Fang , Qinghua Tao , Junxu Liu , Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Jian Sun , Haibo Hu

Large language models (LLMs) can internalize private or harmful content, motivating unlearning that removes a forget set while preserving retaining knowledge. However, forgetting updates often cause collateral degradation on retaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Duo Zhou , Yuji Zhang , Tianxin Wei , Ruizhong Qiu , Ke Yang , Xiao Lin , Cheng Qian , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong , Chengxiang Zhai , Heng Ji , Huan Zhang

Large Language Models' knowledge of how to perform cyber-security attacks, create bioweapons, and manipulate humans poses risks of misuse. Previous work has proposed methods to unlearn this knowledge. Historically, it has been unclear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Aghyad Deeb , Fabien Roger

Large language models (LLMs) possess vast knowledge acquired from extensive training corpora, but they often cannot remove specific pieces of information when needed, which makes it hard to handle privacy, bias mitigation, and knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yezi Liu , Hanning Chen , Wenjun Huang , Yang Ni , Mohsen Imani

Large language models (LLMs) risk retaining unauthorized or sensitive information from their training data, which raises privacy concerns. LLM unlearning seeks to mitigate these risks by selectively removing specified data while maintaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hwan Chang , Hwanhee Lee
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