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This work presents a fast, uncertainty-aware sequential data assimilation framework for estimating key aerodynamic states (e.g., instantaneous vorticity fields and aerodynamic loads) during severe gust encounters, where vortex-gust…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-20 Hanieh Mousavi , Anya Jones , Jeff Eldredge

In data assimilation, an ensemble provides a way to propagate the probability density of a system described by a nonlinear prediction model. Although a large ensemble size is required for statistical accuracy, the ensemble size is typically…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Bosu Choi , Yoonsang Lee

We introduce a computationally efficient variant of the model-based ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We propose two changes to the original formulation. First, we phrase the setup in terms of precision matrices instead of covariance matrices,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-01 Håkon Gryvill , Håkon Tjelmeland

Filtering - the task of estimating the conditional distribution for states of a dynamical system given partial and noisy observations - is important in many areas of science and engineering, including weather and climate prediction.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eviatar Bach , Ricardo Baptista , Enoch Luk , Andrew Stuart

The FFT EnKF data assimilation method is proposed and applied to a stochastic cell simulation of an epidemic, based on the S-I-R spread model. The FFT EnKF combines spatial statistics and ensemble filtering methodologies into a localized…

Computation · Statistics 2010-03-10 Jan Mandel , Jonathan D. Beezley , Loren Cobb , Ashok Krishnamurthy

This paper studies multiplicative inflation: the complementary scaling of the state covariance in the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Firstly, error sources in the EnKF are catalogued and discussed in relation to inflation; nonlinearity is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-03-27 Patrick N. Raanes , Marc Bocquet , Alberto Carrassi

The Kalman filter is a fundamental tool for state estimation in dynamical systems. While originally developed for linear Gaussian settings, it has been extended to nonlinear problems through approaches such as the extended and unscented…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Yuan Wu , Sicheng He

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) is widely used in inverse problems to estimate system parameters from limited observations. However, the IEnKF, when applied to nonlinear systems, can be plagued by poor convergence. Here we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-11 Jiacheng Wu , Jian-Xun Wang , Shawn C. Shadden

This paper proposes two practical implementations of Four-Dimensional Variational (4D-Var) Ensemble Kalman Filter (4D-EnKF) methods for non-linear data assimilation. Our formulations' main idea is to avoid the intrinsic need for adjoint…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-05 Elias Nin-Ruiz , Jairo Diaz-Rodriguez

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been proposed to devise data-driven parametrisations of unresolved processes in dynamical numerical models. In most cases, the ML training leverages high-resolution simulations to provide a dense,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-09 Julien Brajard , Alberto Carrassi , Marc Bocquet , Laurent Bertino

Kalman Filter requires the true parameters of the model and solves optimal state estimation recursively. Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is applicable for estimating the parameters of the model that are not available before Kalman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Zhuangwei Shi

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) in a deterministic framework was introduced in Sakov et al. (2012) to extend the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and improve its performance in mildly up to strongly nonlinear cases. However, the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Pavel Sakov , Jean-Matthieu Haussaire , Marc Bocquet

We propose an ensemble score filter (EnSF) for solving high-dimensional nonlinear filtering problems with superior accuracy. A major drawback of existing filtering methods, e.g., particle filters or ensemble Kalman filters, is the low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-14 Feng Bao , Zezhong Zhang , Guannan Zhang

A data-driven method for improving the correlation estimation in serial ensemble Kalman filters is introduced. The method finds a linear map that transforms, at each assimilation cycle, the poorly estimated sample correlation into an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-05 Michèle De La Chevrotière , John Harlim

The ensemble random forest filter (ERFF) is presented as an alternative to the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for the purpose of inverse modeling. The EnKF is a data assimilation approach that forecasts and updates parameter estimates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Vanessa A. Godoy , Gian F. Napa-García , J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández

Practical data assimilation algorithms often contain hyper-parameters, which may arise due to, for instance, the use of certain auxiliary techniques like covariance inflation and localization in an ensemble Kalman filter, the…

Computation · Statistics 2022-06-08 Xiaodong Luo , Chuan-An Xia

Data assimilation (DA) methods combine model predictions with observational data to improve state estimation in dynamical systems, inspiring their increasingly prominent role in geophysical and climate applications. Classical DA methods…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Lizuo Liu , Tongtong Li , Anne Gelb

Data-driven modelling techniques provide a method for deriving models of dynamical systems directly from complicated data streams. However, tracking and forecasting such data streams poses a significant challenge to most methods, as they…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Stephen A Falconer , David J. B. Lloyd , Naratip Santitissadeekorn

Data assimilation plays a pivotal role in understanding and predicting turbulent systems within geoscience and weather forecasting, where data assimilation is used to address three fundamental challenges, i.e., high-dimensionality,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Siming Liang , Hoang Tran , Feng Bao , Hristo G. Chipilski , Peter Jan van Leeuwen , Guannan Zhang

Monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) injected and stored in subsurface reservoirs is critical for avoiding failure scenarios and enables real-time optimization of CO2 injection rates. Sequential Bayesian data assimilation (DA) is a statistical…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-22 Grant Bruer , Abhinav Prakash Gahlot , Edmond Chow , Felix Herrmann