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Neural network representations are often analyzed as vectors in a fixed Euclidean space. However, their coordinates are not uniquely defined. If a hidden representation is transformed by an invertible linear map, the network function can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jericho Cain

Recent success in training deep neural networks have prompted active investigation into the features learned on their intermediate layers. Such research is difficult because it requires making sense of non-linear computations performed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Yixuan Li , Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Hod Lipson , John Hopcroft

There is some theoretical evidence that deep neural networks with multiple hidden layers have a potential for more efficient representation of multidimensional mappings than shallow networks with a single hidden layer. The question is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Bernhard Bermeitinger , Tomas Hrycej , Siegfried Handschuh

Identifying symmetries in data sets is generally difficult, but knowledge about them is crucial for efficient data handling. Here we present a method how neural networks can be used to identify symmetries. We make extensive use of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Sven Krippendorf , Marc Syvaeri

Neural networks leverage robust internal representations in order to generalise. Learning them is difficult, and often requires a large training set that covers the data distribution densely. We study a common setting where our task is not…

A central question in cognitive science is whether conceptual representations converge onto a shared manifold to support generalization, or diverge into orthogonal subspaces to minimize task interference. While prior work has discovered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhimin Hu , Lanhao Niu , Sashank Varma

We design a deep-learning algorithm for the discovery and identification of the continuous group of symmetries present in a labeled dataset. We use fully connected neural networks to model the symmetry transformations and the corresponding…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-16 Roy T. Forestano , Konstantin T. Matchev , Katia Matcheva , Alexander Roman , Eyup Unlu , Sarunas Verner

The internal representations learned by deep networks are often sensitive to architecture-specific choices, raising questions about the stability, alignment, and transferability of learned structure across models. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

Recent work has shown that the hidden states of large language models contain signals useful for uncertainty estimation and hallucination detection, motivating a growing interest in efficient probe-based approaches. Yet it remains unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Joe Stacey , Hadas Orgad , Kentaro Inui , Benjamin Heinzerling , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

Analyzing the similarity of internal representations has been an important technique for understanding the behavior of deep neural networks. Most existing methods for analyzing the similarity between representations of high dimensions, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiachen Jiang , Jinxin Zhou , Zhihui Zhu

A recent study by De et al. (2022) has reported that large-scale representation learning through pre-training on a public dataset significantly enhances differentially private (DP) learning in downstream tasks, despite the high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chendi Wang , Yuqing Zhu , Weijie J. Su , Yu-Xiang Wang

Neural networks use their hidden layers to transform input data into linearly separable data clusters, with a linear or a perceptron type output layer making the final projection on the line perpendicular to the discriminating hyperplane.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Wlodzislaw Duch

Artificial and biological agents cannon learn given completely random and unstructured data. The structure of data is encoded in the metric relationships between data points. In the context of neural networks, neuronal activity within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Kosio Beshkov , Jonas Verhellen , Mikkel Elle Lepperød

Deep neural networks are often seen as different from other model classes by defying conventional notions of generalization. Popular examples of anomalous generalization behaviour include benign overfitting, double descent, and the success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Andrew Gordon Wilson

Deep neural network has recently shown very promising applications in different research directions and attracted the industry attention as well. Although the idea was introduced in the past but just recently the main limitation of using…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-16 Amin Abbasloo , Alan Salari

Deep neural networks progressively transform their inputs across multiple processing layers. What are the geometrical properties of the representations learned by these networks? Here we study the intrinsic dimensionality (ID) of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Alessio Ansuini , Alessandro Laio , Jakob H. Macke , Davide Zoccolan

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Common measures of neural representational (dis)similarity are designed to be insensitive to rotations and reflections of the neural activation space. Motivated by the premise that the tuning of individual units may be important, there has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Meenakshi Khosla , Alex H. Williams

Neural implicit representations have emerged as a powerful paradigm for 3D reconstruction. However, despite their success, existing methods fail to capture fine geometric details and thin structures, especially in scenarios where only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Aarya Patel , Hamid Laga , Ojaswa Sharma

Geometric Deep Learning has recently made striking progress with the advent of continuous deep implicit fields. They allow for detailed modeling of watertight surfaces of arbitrary topology while not relying on a 3D Euclidean grid,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Benoit Guillard , Edoardo Remelli , Artem Lukoianov , Stephan R. Richter , Timur Bagautdinov , Pierre Baque , Pascal Fua