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As a robust and large-scale multilingual speech recognition model, Whisper has demonstrated impressive results in many low-resource and out-of-distribution scenarios. However, its encoder-decoder structure hinders its application to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Haoyu Wang , Guoqiang Hu , Guodong Lin , Wei-Qiang Zhang , Jian Li

Transformer-based architectures are the most used architectures in many deep learning fields like Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision or Speech processing. It may encourage the direct use of Transformers in the constrained tasks,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Youness Dkhissi , Valentin Vielzeuf , Elys Allesiardo , Anthony Larcher

While generative models have set new benchmarks for Target Speaker Extraction (TSE), their inherent reliance on global context precludes deployment in real-time applications. Direct adaptation to streaming scenarios often leads to…

Streaming end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are widely used on smart speakers and on-device applications. Since these models are expected to transcribe speech with minimal latency, they are constrained to be causal with…

Unification of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems reduces development and maintenance costs, but training a single model to perform well in both offline and low-latency streaming settings remains challenging. We present a Unified…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Andrei Andrusenko , Vladimir Bataev , Lilit Grigoryan , Nune Tadevosyan , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on speech translation tasks. However, the model architecture is not efficient enough for streaming scenarios since self-attention is computed over an entire input sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Xutai Ma , Yongqiang Wang , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Philipp Koehn , Juan Pino

The Transformer self-attention network has shown promising performance as an alternative to recurrent neural networks in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, Transformer has a drawback in that the entire…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-19 Emiru Tsunoo , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Shinji Watanabe

Recent advances have demonstrated the potential of decoderonly large language models (LLMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, enabling streaming recognition within this framework remains a challenge. In this work, we propose…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Genshun Wan , Wenhui Zhang , Jing-Xuan Zhang , Shifu Xiong , Jianqing Gao , Zhongfu Ye

Decoder-only language models (LMs) have been successfully adopted for speech-processing tasks including automatic speech recognition (ASR). The LMs have ample expressiveness and perform efficiently. This efficiency is a suitable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-02 Emiru Tsunoo , Hayato Futami , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Siddhant Arora , Shinji Watanabe

Although end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) has shown state-of-the-art recognition accuracy, it tends to be implicitly biased towards the training data distribution which can degrade generalisation. This paper proposes a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Keqi Deng , Philip C. Woodland

There is growing interest in unifying the streaming and full-context automatic speech recognition (ASR) networks into a single end-to-end ASR model to simplify the model training and deployment for both use cases. While in real-world ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Chunxi Liu , Yuan Shangguan , Haichuan Yang , Yangyang Shi , Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi , Ozlem Kalinli

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech translation (ST) can both use neural transducers as the model structure. It is thus possible to use a single transducer model to perform both tasks. In real-world applications, such joint ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Peidong Wang , Eric Sun , Jian Xue , Yu Wu , Long Zhou , Yashesh Gaur , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li

The recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) is a prominent streaming end-to-end (E2E) ASR technology. In RNN-T, the acoustic encoder commonly consists of stacks of LSTMs. Very recently, as an alternative to LSTM layers, the Conformer…

Streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims to emit each hypothesized word as quickly and accurately as possible, while full-context ASR waits for the completion of a full speech utterance before emitting completed hypotheses. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Jiahui Yu , Wei Han , Anmol Gulati , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Bo Li , Tara N. Sainath , Yonghui Wu , Ruoming Pang

Many Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications require streaming processing of the audio data. In streaming mode, ASR systems need to start transcribing the input stream before it is complete, i.e., the systems have to process a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Youness Dkhissi , Valentin Vielzeuf , Elys Allesiardo , Anthony Larcher

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in unifying streaming and non-streaming speech recognition models to reduce development, training and deployment cost. The best-known approaches rely on either window-based or dynamic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-27 Xilai Li , Goeric Huybrechts , Srikanth Ronanki , Jeff Farris , Sravan Bodapati

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained significant interest in speech processing since these models achieve dramatically lower inference time than autoregressive (AR) models while also achieving good transcription accuracy. Since NAR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siddhant Arora , George Saon , Shinji Watanabe , Brian Kingsbury

Recently, a few novel streaming attention-based sequence-to-sequence (S2S) models have been proposed to perform online speech recognition with linear-time decoding complexity. However, in these models, the decisions to generate tokens are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yashesh Gaur , Liang Lu , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate streaming speech recognition model based on the FastConformer architecture. We adapted the FastConformer architecture for streaming applications through: (1) constraining both the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vahid Noroozi , Somshubra Majumdar , Ankur Kumar , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

Recently, self-attention-based transformers and conformers have been introduced as alternatives to RNNs for ASR acoustic modeling. Nevertheless, the full-sequence attention mechanism is non-streamable and computationally expensive, thus…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Keyu An , Shiliang Zhang