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Attention in neural machine translation provides the possibility to encode relevant parts of the source sentence at each translation step. As a result, attention is considered to be an alignment model as well. However, there is no work that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Hamidreza Ghader , Christof Monz

Attention-based models, exemplified by the Transformer, can effectively model long range dependency, but suffer from the quadratic complexity of self-attention operation, making them difficult to be adopted for high-resolution image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Long Zhao , Zizhao Zhang , Ting Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Han Zhang

Transformers have been widely used in numerous vision problems especially for visual recognition and detection. Detection transformers are the first fully end-to-end learning systems for object detection, while vision transformers are the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Hwanjun Song , Deqing Sun , Sanghyuk Chun , Varun Jampani , Dongyoon Han , Byeongho Heo , Wonjae Kim , Ming-Hsuan Yang

The past year has witnessed the rapid development of applying the Transformer module to vision problems. While some researchers have demonstrated that Transformer-based models enjoy a favorable ability of fitting data, there are still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zhengsu Chen , Lingxi Xie , Jianwei Niu , Xuefeng Liu , Longhui Wei , Qi Tian

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve strong performance in visual recognition, yet their decision-making remains difficult to interpret. We propose BiCAM, a bidirectional class activation mapping method that captures both supportive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Qin Su , Tie Luo

Transformer is a new kind of neural architecture which encodes the input data as powerful features via the attention mechanism. Basically, the visual transformers first divide the input images into several local patches and then calculate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Kai Han , An Xiao , Enhua Wu , Jianyuan Guo , Chunjing Xu , Yunhe Wang

Transformers have emerged as a competitive alternative to convnets in vision tasks, yet they lack the architectural inductive bias of convnets, which may hinder their potential performance. Specifically, Vision Transformers (ViTs) are not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hagay Michaeli , Daniel Soudry

Modern machine learning models for computer vision exceed humans in accuracy on specific visual recognition tasks, notably on datasets like ImageNet. However, high accuracy can be achieved in many ways. The particular decision function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Shikhar Tuli , Ishita Dasgupta , Erin Grant , Thomas L. Griffiths

Learning algorithms become more powerful, often at the cost of increased complexity. In response, the demand for algorithms to be transparent is growing. In NLP tasks, attention distributions learned by attention-based deep learning models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Joris Baan , Maartje ter Hoeve , Marlies van der Wees , Anne Schuth , Maarten de Rijke

Styled handwriting generation aims to synthesize handwritten text that looks both realistic and aligned with a specific writer's style. While recent approaches involving GAN, transformer and diffusion-based models have made progress, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sajjan Acharya , Rajendra Baskota

Monocular depth estimation is a central problem in computer vision with applications in robotics, AR, and autonomous driving, yet the self-attention mechanisms that drive modern Transformer architectures remain opaque. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Vasileios Arampatzakis , George Pavlidis , Nikolaos Mitianoudis , Nikos Papamarkos

It has been observed that visual classification models often rely mostly on the image background, neglecting the foreground, which hurts their robustness to distribution changes. To alleviate this shortcoming, we propose to monitor the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Hila Chefer , Idan Schwartz , Lior Wolf

Although Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently demonstrated superior performance in medical imaging problems, they face explainability issues similar to previous architectures such as convolutional neural networks. Recent research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Minjae Chung , Jong Bum Won , Ganghyun Kim , Yujin Kim , Utku Ozbulak

Vision transformers (ViTs) have been successfully applied in image classification tasks recently. In this paper, we show that, unlike convolution neural networks (CNNs)that can be improved by stacking more convolutional layers, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Daquan Zhou , Bingyi Kang , Xiaojie Jin , Linjie Yang , Xiaochen Lian , Zihang Jiang , Qibin Hou , Jiashi Feng

The task of Stance Detection involves discerning the stance expressed in a text towards a specific subject or target. Prior works have relied on existing transformer models that lack the capability to prioritize targets effectively.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Krishna Garg , Cornelia Caragea

Video segmentation encompasses a wide range of categories of problem formulation, e.g., object, scene, actor-action and multimodal video segmentation, for delineating task-specific scene components with pixel-level masks. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Rezaul Karim , Richard P. Wildes

Despite their original goal to jointly learn to align and translate, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models, especially Transformer, are often perceived as not learning interpretable word alignments. In this paper, we show that NMT models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Shuoyang Ding , Hainan Xu , Philipp Koehn

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become a dominant architecture in computer vision, yet their prediction process remains difficult to interpret because information is propagated through complex interactions across layers and attention heads.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sehyeong Jo , Gangjae Jang , Haesol Park

This paper studies a text classification algorithm based on an improved Transformer to improve the performance and efficiency of the model in text classification tasks. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional Transformer model in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Jia Gao , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Shicheng Zhou , Hongye Zheng , Xiaoxuan Liao

The Transformer architecture has revolutionized the field of sequence modeling and underpins the recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs). However, a comprehensive mathematical theory that explains its structure and operations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xue-Cheng Tai , Hao Liu , Lingfeng Li , Raymond H. Chan