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Related papers: Causal Algorithmic Recourse: Foundations and Metho…

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Recent work has discussed the limitations of counterfactual explanations to recommend actions for algorithmic recourse, and argued for the need of taking causal relationships between features into consideration. Unfortunately, in practice,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Julius von Kügelgen , Bernhard Schölkopf , Isabel Valera

As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as legal and financial decision-making, there has been growing interest in post-hoc methods for generating counterfactual explanations. Such explanations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Alexis Ross , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Osbert Bastani

Algorithmic recourse aims to disclose the inner workings of the black-box decision process in situations where decisions have significant consequences, by providing recommendations to empower beneficiaries to achieve a more favorable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ahmad-Reza Ehyaei , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Setareh Maghsudi

Algorithmic recourse seeks to provide individuals with actionable recommendations that increase their chances of receiving favorable outcomes from automated decision systems (e.g., loan approvals). While prior research has emphasized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marina Ceccon , Alessandro Fabris , Goran Radanović , Asia J. Biega , Gian Antonio Susto

Recommender systems play an essential role in the choices people make in domains such as entertainment, shopping, food, news, employment, and education. The machine learning models underlying these recommender systems are often enormously…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Sahil Verma , Ashudeep Singh , Varich Boonsanong , John P. Dickerson , Chirag Shah

As predictive models are increasingly being deployed to make a variety of consequential decisions, there is a growing emphasis on designing algorithms that can provide recourse to affected individuals. Existing recourse algorithms function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Kaivalya Rawal , Ece Kamar , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Decision makers are increasingly relying on machine learning in sensitive situations. Algorithmic recourse aims to provide individuals with actionable and minimally costly steps to reverse unfavorable AI-driven decisions. While existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zahra Khotanlou , Kate Larson , Amir-Hossein Karimi

Algorithmic recourse suggests actions to individuals who have been adversely affected by automated decision-making, helping them to achieve the desired outcome. Knowing the recourse, however, does not guarantee that users can implement it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yueqing Xuan , Kacper Sokol , Mark Sanderson , Jeffrey Chan

As machine learning models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions in real-world settings, it becomes critical to ensure that individuals who are adversely impacted (e.g., loan denied) by the predictions of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Martin Pawelczyk , Teresa Datta , Johannes van-den-Heuvel , Gjergji Kasneci , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Algorithmic recourse is a process that leverages counterfactual explanations, going beyond understanding why a system produced a given classification, to providing a user with actions they can take to change their predicted outcome.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jenny Hamer , Nicholas Perello , Jake Valladares , Vignesh Viswanathan , Yair Zick

State-of-the-art AI models largely lack an understanding of the cause-effect relationship that governs human understanding of the real world. Consequently, these models do not generalize to unseen data, often produce unfair results, and are…

The application of Algorithmic Recourse in decision-making is a promising field that offers practical solutions to reverse unfavorable decisions. However, the inability of these methods to consider potential dependencies among variables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Isacco Beretta , Martina Cinquini

Actionable recourse studies whether individuals can modify feasible features to overturn unfavorable outcomes produced by AI-assisted decision-support systems. However, many such systems operate in competitive settings, such as admission or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ya-Ting Yang , Quanyan Zhu

Algorithmic recourse recommendations, such as Karimi et al.'s (2021) causal recourse (CR), inform stakeholders of how to act to revert unfavourable decisions. However, some actions lead to acceptance (i.e., revert the model's decision) but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-30 Gunnar König , Timo Freiesleben , Moritz Grosse-Wentrup

As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision-making, there has been a lot of interest in developing algorithms which can provide recourses to affected individuals. While developing such tools is important, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Kaivalya Rawal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

The streams of research on adversarial examples and counterfactual explanations have largely been growing independently. This has led to several recent works trying to elucidate their similarities and differences. Most prominently, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Tobias Leemann , Martin Pawelczyk , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Counterfactuals operationalised through algorithmic recourse have become a powerful tool to make artificial intelligence systems explainable. Conceptually, given an individual classified as y -- the factual -- we seek actions such that…

Existing work on Counterfactual Explanations (CE) and Algorithmic Recourse (AR) has largely focused on single individuals in a static environment: given some estimated model, the goal is to find valid counterfactuals for an individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Patrick Altmeyer , Giovan Angela , Aleksander Buszydlik , Karol Dobiczek , Arie van Deursen , Cynthia C. S. Liem

Due to the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in a variety of high-stakes decisions, such as loan approval, job hiring, and criminal bail, researchers in Explainable AI (XAI) have developed algorithms to provide users with recourse…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Matthew Olckers , Toby Walsh

Algorithmic recourse aims to recommend actionable changes to a factual's attributes that flip an unfavorable model decision while remaining realistic and feasible. We formulate recourse as a Constrained Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Anagha Sabu , Vidhya S , Narayanan C Krishnan