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Related papers: Oversmoothing as Representation Degeneracy in Neur…

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Unsupervised learning of feature representations is a challenging yet important problem for analyzing a large collection of multimedia data that do not have semantic labels. Recently proposed neural network-based unsupervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Takahiko Furuya , Ryutarou Ohbuchi

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a key ingredient in the training of deep neural networks and yet its geometrical significance appears elusive. We study a deterministic model in which the trajectories of our dynamical systems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 R. Fioresi , P. Chaudhari , S. Soatto

Neural networks transform data through learned representations whose geometry affects separation, contraction, and generalization. Recent work studies this geometry using discrete curvature on neighborhood graphs, suggesting Ricci-flow-like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kanishka Reddy

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved a lot of success on graph-structured data. However, it is observed that the performance of graph neural networks does not improve as the number of layers increases. This effect, known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Chen Cai , Yusu Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)-based recommendation algorithms typically assume that training and testing data are drawn from independent and identically distributed (IID) spaces. However, this assumption often fails in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Chu Zhao , Enneng Yang , Yuliang Liang , Pengxiang Lan , Yuting Liu , Jianzhe Zhao , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang

Oversmoothing has been recognized as a main obstacle to building deep Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), limiting the performance. This position paper argues that the influence of oversmoothing has been overstated and advocates for a further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 MoonJeong Park , Sunghyun Choi , Jaeseung Heo , Eunhyeok Park , Dongwoo Kim

Far from equilibrium, neural systems self-organize across multiple scales. Exploiting multiscale self-organization in neuroscience and artificial intelligence requires a computational framework for modeling the effective non-equilibrium…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-09 Nathan X. Kodama

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown state-of-the-art performances in various applications. However, GNNs often struggle to capture long-range dependencies in graphs due to oversmoothing. In this paper, we generalize the concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Sohir Maskey , Raffaele Paolino , Aras Bacho , Gitta Kutyniok

Deep Generative Models are frequently used to learn continuous representations of complex data distributions using a finite number of samples. For any generative model, including pre-trained foundation models with Diffusion or Transformer…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) trained for image denoising are able to generate high-quality samples with score-based reverse diffusion algorithms. These impressive capabilities seem to imply an escape from the curse of dimensionality, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zahra Kadkhodaie , Florentin Guth , Eero P. Simoncelli , Stéphane Mallat

Diffusion models generate high-dimensional data with remarkable quality, yet how their training efficiently learns the score function, bypassing the curse of dimensionality when data is supported on low-dimensional manifolds, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Wei Huang , Andi Han , Mingyuan Bai , Huanjian Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Taiji Suzuki , Kenji Fukumizu

Our study reveals new theoretical insights into over-smoothing and feature over-correlation in graph neural networks. Specifically, we demonstrate that with increased depth, node representations become dominated by a low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Andreas Roth , Thomas Liebig

Graphs are central to modeling complex systems in domains such as social networks, molecular chemistry, and neuroscience. While Graph Neural Networks, particularly Graph Convolutional Networks, have become standard tools for graph learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Angelica Liguori , Ettore Ritacco , Pietro Sabatino , Annalisa Socievole

In the realm of text-to-3D generation, utilizing 2D diffusion models through score distillation sampling (SDS) frequently leads to issues such as blurred appearances and multi-faced geometry, primarily due to the intrinsically noisy nature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Pengsheng Guo , Hans Hao , Adam Caccavale , Zhongzheng Ren , Edward Zhang , Qi Shan , Aditya Sankar , Alexander G. Schwing , Alex Colburn , Fangchang Ma

Classical nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) techniques like t-SNE, Isomap, and LLE excel at creating low-dimensional embeddings for data visualization but fundamentally lack the ability to map these embeddings back to the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Riddhish Thakare , Kingdom Mutala Akugri

Oversmoothing is a fundamental challenge in graph neural networks (GNNs): as the number of layers increases, node embeddings become increasingly similar, and model performance drops sharply. Traditionally, oversmoothing has been quantified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kaicheng Zhang , Piero Deidda , Desmond Higham , Francesco Tudisco

We extend Regularised Diffusion-Shock (RDS) filtering from Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}_2$ [1] to position-orientation space $\mathbb{M}_2 \cong \mathbb{R}^2 \times S^1$. This has numerous advantages, e.g. making it possible to enhance and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Finn M. Sherry , Kristina Schaefer , Remco Duits

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved a lot of success with graph-structured data. However, it is observed that the performance of GNNs does not improve (or even worsen) as the number of layers increases. This effect has known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yeskendir Koishekenov

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with equivariant properties have achieved significant success in modeling complex dynamic systems and molecular properties. However, their expressiveness ability is limited by: (1) Existing methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yingxu Wang , Nan Yin , Mingyan Xiao , Xinhao Yi , Siwei Liu , Shangsong Liang

Datasets such as images, text, or movies are embedded in high-dimensional spaces. However, in important cases such as images of objects, the statistical structure in the data constrains samples to a manifold of dramatically lower…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Stefano Recanatesi , Matthew Farrell , Madhu Advani , Timothy Moore , Guillaume Lajoie , Eric Shea-Brown