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In human pedagogy, teachers and students can interact adaptively to maximize communication efficiency. The teacher adjusts her teaching method for different students, and the student, after getting familiar with the teacher's instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Luyao Yuan , Dongruo Zhou , Junhong Shen , Jingdong Gao , Jeffrey L. Chen , Quanquan Gu , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu

Reward learning algorithms utilize human feedback to infer a reward function, which is then used to train an AI system. This human feedback is often a preference comparison, in which the human teacher compares several samples of AI behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Peter Barnett , Rachel Freedman , Justin Svegliato , Stuart Russell

Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu

Despite the fact that robotic platforms can provide both consistent practice and objective assessments of users over the course of their training, there are relatively few instances where physical human robot interaction has been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Kathleen Fitzsimons , Aleksandra Kalinowska , Julius P. A. Dewald , Todd Murphey

Perceptions of intelligence shape how learners evaluate and rely on artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite rapid advances in AI capabilities, the impact of sustained exposure to these tools on students' valuation of human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Islem Rekik

AI's integration into education promises to equip teachers with data-driven insights and intervene in student learning. Despite the intended advancements, there is a lack of understanding of interactions and emerging dynamics in classrooms…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Bingyi Han , Simon Coghlan , George Buchanan , Dana McKay

When demonstrating a task, human tutors pedagogically modify their behavior by either "showing" the task rather than just "doing" it (exaggerating on relevant parts of the demonstration) or by giving demonstrations that best disambiguate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud

Intelligent Tutoring Systems often grant learners shared control over skill and problem selection. This choice brings motivational and metacognitive benefits. At the same time, past literature suggests that learners exhibit diverse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haley Noh , Aarna Chowdhary , Jeroen Ooge , Vincent Aleven , Conrad Borchers

Integration of artificial intelligent (AI) agents in higher education is transforming teaching, learning and administrative processes. Although existing AI agents effectively support individual tasks, their implementation remains fragmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Vidya K Sudarshan , Anushka Sisodia , Reshma A Ramachandra , Sia Batra , Josephine Chong Leng Leng

Generative AI is reshaping higher education programming through vibe coding, where students collaborate with AI via natural language rather than writing code line-by-line. We conceptualize this practice as help-seeking, analyzing 19,418…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Daiana Rinja , Eduardo Araujo Oliveira , Sonsoles López-Pernas , Mohammed Saqr , Marcus Specht , Kamila Misiejuk

Understanding the dynamics of human-AI interaction in question answering is crucial for enhancing collaborative efficiency. Extending from our initial formative study, which revealed challenges in human utilization of conversational AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jaeyoon Song , Zahra Ashktorab , Qian Pan , Casey Dugan , Werner Geyer , Thomas W. Malone

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping lifelong learning by introducing new possibilities for personalized, flexible, and data-informed educational practices. In the field of adult education, AI has gained particular…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andresa Theodora , Nikolaos Tselios

Interactive reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning complex robotic tasks. However, the process can be human-intensive due to the requirement of a large amount of interactive feedback. This paper presents a new method that uses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shukai Liu , Chenming Wu , Ying Li , Liangjun Zhang

This study investigates the integration of individual human traits into an empathetically adaptive educational robot tutor system designed to improve student engagement and learning outcomes with corresponding Engagement Vector measurement.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Fuze Sun , Lingyu Li , Shixiangyue Meng , Xiaoming Teng , Terry R. Payne , Paul Craig

Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to personalize instruction in intelligent tutoring systems, yet the field lacks a formal framework for defining and evaluating pedagogical safety. We introduce a four-layer model of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Oluseyi Olukola , Nick Rahimi

Generative AI (GenAI) is increasingly used in collaborative learning, yet its effects on how groups regulate collaboration remain unclear. Effective collaboration depends not only on what groups discuss, but on how they jointly manage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yujing Zhang , Xianghui Meng , Shihui Feng , Jionghao Lin

To meet the ever-increasing demands of the cybersecurity workforce, AI tutors have been proposed for personalized, scalable education. But, while AI tutors have shown promise in introductory programming courses, no work has evaluated their…

AI-driven conversational coaching is increasingly used to support workplace negotiation, yet prior work assumes uniform effectiveness across users. We challenge this assumption by examining how individual differences, particularly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Veda Duddu , Jash Rajesh Parekh , Andy Mao , Hanyi Min , Ziang Xiao , Vedant Das Swain , Koustuv Saha

This shared task has aimed to assess pedagogical abilities of AI tutors powered by large language models (LLMs), focusing on evaluating the quality of tutor responses aimed at student's mistake remediation within educational dialogues. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ekaterina Kochmar , Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Kseniia Petukhova , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Anaïs Tack , Justin Vasselli

AI-assisted learning has seen a remarkable uptick over the last few years, mainly due to the rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs). Their ability to hold long-form, natural language interactions with users makes them excellent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Prashanth Arun , Vinita Vader , Erya Xu , Brent McCready-Branch , Sarah Seabrook , Kyle Scholz , Ana Crisan , Igor Grossmann , Pascal Poupart