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Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in software engineering and cybersecurity tasks, including code generation, vulnerability discovery, and automated testing. One critical but underexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Bin Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Guoai Xu , Haoyu Wang

With the capability to write convincing and fluent natural language and generate code, Foundation Models present dual-use concerns broadly and within the cyber domain specifically. Generative AI has already begun to impact cyberspace…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kade M. Heckel , Adrian Weller

Many organizations rely on Threat Intelligence (TI) feeds to assess the risk associated with security threats. Due to the volume and heterogeneity of data, it is prohibitive to manually analyze the threat information available in different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Kajal Patel , Zubair Shafiq , Mateus Nogueira , Daniel Sadoc Menasché , Enrico Lovat , Taimur Kashif , Ashton Woiwood , Matheus Martins

As AI agents increasingly operate in complex environments, ensuring reliable, context-aware privacy is critical for regulatory compliance. Traditional access controls are insufficient because privacy risks often arise after access is…

Coding agents, which are LLM-driven agents specialized in software development, have become increasingly prevalent in modern programming environments. Unlike traditional AI coding assistants, which offer simple code completion and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Eunkyu Lee , Donghyeon Kim , Wonyoung Kim , Insu Yun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have become widely used for enhancing large language model capabilities, but they introduce significant security vulnerabilities through prompt injection attacks. We present a comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as educational agents for automatic short answer grading (ASAG) in real-world educational environments, significantly boosting assessment efficiency and scalability. However, when these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xueyi Li , Zhuoneng Zhou , Zitao Liu , Yongdong Wu

AI agents are beginning to interact with each other directly and across internet platforms and physical environments, creating security challenges beyond traditional cybersecurity and AI safety frameworks. Free-form protocols are essential…

In recent years, agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming increasingly widespread. These systems allow agents to use various tools, such as web browsers, compilers, and more. However, despite their popularity, agentic AI…

While the advancement of large language models has spurred the development of AI agents to automate tasks, numerous use cases inherently require agents to collaborate with humans due to humans' latent preferences, domain expertise, or the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yijia Shao , Vinay Samuel , Yucheng Jiang , John Yang , Diyi Yang

With the rapidly increasing capabilities and adoption of code agents for AI-assisted coding, safety concerns, such as generating or executing risky code, have become significant barriers to the real-world deployment of these agents. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Chengquan Guo , Xun Liu , Chulin Xie , Andy Zhou , Yi Zeng , Zinan Lin , Dawn Song , Bo Li

The offensive security landscape is highly fragmented: enterprise platforms avoid memory-corruption vulnerabilities due to Denial of Service (DoS) risks, Automatic Exploit Generation (AEG) systems suffer from semantic blindness, and Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Biagio Andreucci , Arcangelo Castiglione

AI pentesting agents are increasingly credible as offensive security systems, but current benchmarks still provide limited guidance on which will perform best in real-world targets. Existing evaluation protocols assess and optimize for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pedro Conde , Henrique Branquinho , Valerio Mazzone , Bruno Mendes , André Baptista , Nuno Moniz

Agentic AI systems powered by large language models (LLMs) and endowed with planning, tool use, memory, and autonomy, are emerging as powerful, flexible platforms for automation. Their ability to autonomously execute tasks across web,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anshuman Chhabra , Shrestha Datta , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Prasant Mohapatra

In an era where cyber threats are rapidly evolving, the reliability of cyber forensic analysis has become increasingly critical for effective digital investigations and cybersecurity responses. AI agents are being adopted across digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Sneha Sudhakaran , Naresh Kshetri

This article deals with the IT security of connectionist artificial intelligence (AI) applications, focusing on threats to integrity, one of the three IT security goals. Such threats are for instance most relevant in prominent AI computer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Christian Berghoff , Matthias Neu , Arndt von Twickel

Agentic AI and Multi-Agent Systems are poised to dominate industry and society imminently. Powered by goal-driven autonomy, they represent a powerful form of generative AI, marking a transition from reactive content generation into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Brian Bowers , Smita Khapre , Jugal Kalita

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

Web Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (Web VAPT) is a comprehensive cybersecurity process that uncovers a range of vulnerabilities which, if exploited, could compromise the integrity of web applications. In a VAPT, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Alberto Castagnaro , Mauro Conti , Luca Pajola

AI agents integrated with Web3 offer autonomy and openness but raise security concerns as they interact with financial protocols and immutable smart contracts. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of AI agents within blockchain-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Atharv Singh Patlan , Peiyao Sheng , S. Ashwin Hebbar , Prateek Mittal , Pramod Viswanath
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