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The robustness of LLMs to jailbreak attacks, where users design prompts to circumvent safety measures and misuse model capabilities, has been studied primarily for LLMs acting as simple chatbots. Meanwhile, LLM agents -- which use external…

This paper addresses the prevalent lack of tools to facilitate and empower Game Theory and Artificial Intelligence (AI) research in cybersecurity. The primary contribution is the introduction of ExploitFlow (EF), an AI and Game…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Víctor Mayoral-Vilches , Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Martin Pinzger , Stefan Rass

Large language models are shifting from passive information providers to active agents intended for complex workflows. However, their deployment as reliable AI workers in enterprise is stalled by benchmarks that fail to capture the…

The increasing complexity and scale of modern digital environments have exposed significant gaps in traditional cybersecurity penetration testing methods, which are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and unable to rapidly adapt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Ibrahim Alshehri , Adnan Alshehri , Abdulrahman Almalki , Majed Bamardouf , Alaqsa Akbar

Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that can perform a variety of tasks with remarkable semantic understanding and accuracy. ChatGPT is one such LLM that has gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 M. Mehdi Kholoosi , M. Ali Babar , Roland Croft

The rise of AI agent frameworks has introduced agent skills, modular packages containing instructions and executable code that dynamically extend agent capabilities. While this architecture enables powerful customization, skills execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yi Liu , Weizhe Wang , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Guangquan Xu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Zhang

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Interest in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to compiler optimizations is increasing rapidly, but compiler research has a high entry barrier. Unlike in other domains, compiler and AI researchers do not have access to the…

Large-scale web applications are widely deployed with complex third-party components, inheriting security risks arising from component vulnerabilities. Security assessment is therefore required to determine whether such known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ruozhao Yang , Mingfei Cheng , Gelei Deng , Junjie Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie

LLM agents are evolving rapidly, powered by code execution, tools, and the recently introduced agent skills feature. Skills allow users to extend LLM applications with specialized third-party code, knowledge, and instructions. Although this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 David Schmotz , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Sahar Abdelnabi , Maksym Andriushchenko

We introduce HonestCyberEval, a new benchmark for assessing AI models' capabilities and risks in automated software exploitation, focusing on their ability to detect and exploit vulnerabilities in real-world software systems. Our evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dan Ristea , Vasilios Mavroudis

Agentic AI marks an important transition from single-step generative models to systems capable of reasoning, planning, acting, and adapting over long-lasting tasks. By integrating memory, tool use, and iterative decision cycles, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sahaya Jestus Lazer , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Elisa Bertino

AI agents are autonomous systems that combine LLMs with external tools to solve complex tasks. While such tools extend capability, improper tool permissions introduce security risks such as indirect prompt injection and tool misuse. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Roy Betser , Shamik Bose , Amit Giloni , Chiara Picardi , Sindhu Padakandla , Roman Vainshtein

Smart contract vulnerabilities have led to billions in losses, yet finding actionable exploits remains challenging. Traditional fuzzers rely on rigid heuristics and struggle with complex attacks, while human auditors are thorough but slow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Arthur Gervais , Liyi Zhou

AI agents have been boosted by large language models. AI agents can function as intelligent assistants and complete tasks on behalf of their users with access to tools and the ability to execute commands in their environments. Through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yifeng He , Ethan Wang , Yuyang Rong , Zifei Cheng , Hao Chen

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) with structured function-calling interfaces enable real-time data retrieval, computation, and multi-step orchestration. However, the rapid growth of plugins, connectors, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Djallel Hamouda , Leandros Maglaras , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

Open-source libraries are widely used in modern software development, introducing significant security vulnerabilities. While static analysis tools can identify potential vulnerabilities at scale, they often generate overwhelming reports…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Siyi Chen , Tianhan Luo , Shijian Wu , Xiangyu Liu , Yilin Zhou , Qi Li , Wenyuan Xu

Responsible AI design is increasingly seen as an imperative by both AI developers and AI compliance experts. One of the key tasks is envisioning AI technology uses and risks. Recent studies on the model and data cards reveal that AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Viviane Herdel , Sanja Šćepanović , Edyta Bogucka , Daniele Quercia

Advanced AI systems offer substantial benefits but also introduce risks. In 2025, AI-enabled cyber offense has emerged as a concrete example. This technical report applies a quantitative risk modeling methodology (described in full in a…

Computer use agents are LLM-based agents that can directly interact with a graphical user interface, by processing screenshots or accessibility trees. While these systems are gaining popularity, their safety has been largely overlooked,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Kuntz , Agatha Duzan , Hao Zhao , Francesco Croce , Zico Kolter , Nicolas Flammarion , Maksym Andriushchenko