English
Related papers

Related papers: PASA: A Principled Embedding-Space Watermarking Ap…

200 papers

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has highlighted the pressing need for reliable mechanisms to verify content ownership and ensure traceability. Watermarking offers a promising path forward, but it remains limited by privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Thomas Fargues , Ye Dong , Tianwei Zhang , Jin-Song Dong

As artificial intelligence surpasses human capabilities in text generation, the necessity to authenticate the origins of AI-generated content has become paramount. Unbiased watermarks offer a powerful solution by embedding statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Rapid advances in generative AI have led to increasingly realistic deepfakes, posing growing challenges for law enforcement and public trust. Existing passive deepfake detectors struggle to keep pace, largely due to their dependence on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tharindu Fernando , Clinton Fookes , Sridha Sridharan

Misuse of LLM-generated text can be curbed by watermarking techniques that embed implicit signals into the output. We propose a watermark that partitions the vocabulary at each decoding step into three sets (Green/Yellow/Red) with fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhiqing Hu , Chenxu Zhao , Jiazhong Lu , Xiaolei Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in vision-language tasks such as reasoning segmentation, where models generate segmentation masks based on textual queries. While prior work has primarily focused…

Large language models (LLMs) often demonstrate strong safety performance in high-resource languages, yet exhibit severe vulnerabilities when queried in low-resource languages. We attribute this gap to a mismatch between language-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Junxiao Yang , Haoran Liu , Jinzhe Tu , Jiale Cheng , Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Jiaqi Weng , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Hongning Wang , Han Qiu , Minlie Huang

Image generation algorithms are increasingly integral to diverse aspects of human society, driven by their practical applications. However, insufficient oversight in artificial Intelligence generated content (AIGC) can facilitate the spread…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Wenhao Luo , Zhangyi Shen , Ye Yao , Feng Ding , Guopu Zhu , Weizhi Meng

Embeddings as a Service (EaaS) is emerging as a crucial role in AI applications. Unfortunately, EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, highlighting the urgent need for copyright protection. Although some preliminary works propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zongqi Wang , Baoyuan Wu , Jingyuan Deng , Yujiu Yang

The task of discerning between generated and natural texts is increasingly challenging. In this context, watermarking emerges as a promising technique for ascribing generated text to a specific model. It alters the sampling generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Pierre Fernandez , Antoine Chaffin , Karim Tit , Vivien Chappelier , Teddy Furon

In this work, we introduce a novel deep learning-based approach to text-in-image watermarking, a method that embeds and extracts textual information within images to enhance data security and integrity. Leveraging the capabilities of deep…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Bishwa Karki , Chun-Hua Tsai , Pei-Chi Huang , Xin Zhong

Existing sentence-level watermarking methods enhance robustness to paraphrasing by anchoring watermarks in sentence semantics. However, their prefix-based designs remain vulnerable to structural perturbations, such as sentence splitting and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuexin Li , Wenjie Qu , Linyu Wu , Yulin Chen , Yufei He , Tri Cao , Bryan Hooi , Jiaheng Zhang

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

In today's digital landscape, the blending of AI-generated and authentic content has underscored the need for copyright protection and content authentication. Watermarking has become a vital tool to address these challenges, safeguarding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Runyi Hu , Jie Zhang , Yiming Li , Jiwei Li , Qing Guo , Han Qiu , Tianwei Zhang

Recently, text watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have been proposed to mitigate the potential harms of text generated by LLMs, including fake news and copyright issues. However, current watermark detection algorithms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Aiwei Liu , Leyi Pan , Xuming Hu , Shu'ang Li , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate general intelligence across a variety of machine learning tasks, thereby enhancing the commercial value of their intellectual property (IP). To protect this IP, model owners typically allow user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kaiyi Pang , Tao Qi , Chuhan Wu , Minhao Bai , Minghu Jiang , Yongfeng Huang

We revisit watermarking techniques based on pre-trained deep networks, in the light of self-supervised approaches. We present a way to embed both marks and binary messages into their latent spaces, leveraging data augmentation at marking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Pierre Fernandez , Alexandre Sablayrolles , Teddy Furon , Hervé Jégou , Matthijs Douze

Potential harms of Large Language Models such as mass misinformation and plagiarism can be partially mitigated if there exists a reliable way to detect machine generated text. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kaan Efe Keleş , Ömer Kaan Gürbüz , Mucahid Kutlu

Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) is an effective and convenient deployment solution for addressing various NLP tasks. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, which could lead to significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shufan Yang , Zifeng Cheng , Zhiwei Jiang , Yafeng Yin , Cong Wang , Shiping Ge , Yuchen Fu , Qing Gu

Digital watermarking is a promising solution for mitigating some of the risks arising from the misuse of automatically generated text. These approaches either embed non-specific watermarks to allow for the detection of any text generated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zihao Fu , Chris Russell

Watermarking (WM) is a critical mechanism for detecting and attributing AI-generated content. Current WM methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly tailored for autoregressive (AR) models: They rely on tokens being generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ofek Raban , Ethan Fetaya , Gal Chechik