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This paper questions whether the strong performance of softmax attention in transformers stems from producing a probability distribution over inputs. Instead, we argue that softmax's effectiveness lies in its implicit regularization of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hemanth Saratchandran , Jianqiao Zheng , Yiping Ji , Wenbo Zhang , Simon Lucey

Replicated Softmax model, a well-known undirected topic model, is powerful in extracting semantic representations of documents. Traditional learning strategies such as Contrastive Divergence are very inefficient. This paper provides a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Jiatao Gu , Victor O. K. Li

Neural network verifiers based on linear bound propagation scale impressively to massive models but can be surprisingly loose when neuron coupling is crucial. Conversely, semidefinite programming (SDP) verifiers capture inter-neuron…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hong-Ming Chiu , Hao Chen , Huan Zhang , Richard Y. Zhang

Learning-based methods for synthesizing controllers have gained popularity due to their high expressiveness and strong empirical performance. However, in safety-critical scenarios such as autonomous driving, robotics, and power systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Haoyu Li , Xiangru Zhong , Hao Cheng , Bin Hu , Huan Zhang

Self-attention mechanisms are foundational to Transformer architectures, supporting their impressive success in a wide range of tasks. While there are many self-attention variants, their robustness to noise and spurious correlations has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Camilo Tamayo-Rousseau , Yunjia Zhao , Yiqun Zhang , Randall Balestriero

We propose an algorithm to enhance certified robustness of a deep model ensemble by optimally weighting each base model. Unlike previous works on using ensembles to empirically improve robustness, our algorithm is based on optimizing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Huan Zhang , Minhao Cheng , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We propose a novel approach which exploits chaos to enhance classification accuracy. Specifically, the available data that need to be classified are treated as vectors that are first lifted into a higher-dimensional space and then used as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Panos Stinis

Normalization methods improve both optimization and generalization of ConvNets. To further boost performance, the recently-proposed switchable normalization (SN) provides a new perspective for deep learning: it learns to select different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Wenqi Shao , Tianjian Meng , Jingyu Li , Ruimao Zhang , Yudian Li , Xiaogang Wang , Ping Luo

We study the problem of verification and synthesis of robust control barrier functions (CBF) for control-affine polynomial systems with bounded additive uncertainty and convex polynomial constraints on the control. We first formulate robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Shucheng Kang , Yuxiao Chen , Heng Yang , Marco Pavone

Randomized smoothing is the dominant standard for provable defenses against adversarial examples. Nevertheless, this method has recently been proven to suffer from important information theoretic limitations. In this paper, we argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Raphael Ettedgui , Alexandre Araujo , Rafael Pinot , Yann Chevaleyre , Jamal Atif

Software verification is a complex problem, and verification tools need significant tuning to achieve high performance. Due to this, many verifiers choose to specialize on reachability properties, or invest the time to implement known…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Dirk Beyer , Marek Jankola , Marian Lingsch-Rosenfeld , Tian Xia , Xiyue Zheng

Low-rank matrix recovery from structured measurements has been a topic of intense study in the last decade and many important problems like matrix completion and blind deconvolution have been formulated in this framework. An important…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Felix Krahmer , Dominik Stöger

The attention mechanism within the transformer architecture enables the model to weigh and combine tokens based on their relevance to the query. While self-attention has enjoyed major success, it notably treats all queries $q$ in the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xuechen Zhang , Xiangyu Chang , Mingchen Li , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

Speaker embedding learning based on Euclidean space has achieved significant progress, but it is still insufficient in modeling hierarchical information within speaker features. Hyperbolic space, with its negative curvature geometric…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhihua Fang , Liang He

Deploying Vision Transformers (ViTs) on near-sensor analog accelerators demands training pipelines that are explicitly aligned with device-level noise and energy constraints. We introduce a compact framework for silicon-photonic execution…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xuming Chen , Deniz Najafi , Chengwei Zhou , Pietro Mercati , Arman Roohi , Mohsen Imani , Mahdi Nikdast , Shaahin Angizi , Gourav Datta

While reachability analysis is one of the most promising approaches for formal verification of dynamic systems, a major disadvantage preventing a more widespread application is the requirement to manually tune algorithm parameters such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Niklas Kochdumper , Stanley Bak

Performance of optimization on quadratic problems sensitively depends on the low-lying part of the spectrum. For large (effectively infinite-dimensional) problems, this part of the spectrum can often be naturally represented or approximated…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Maksim Velikanov , Dmitry Yarotsky

The dot product self-attention (DPSA) is a fundamental component of transformers. However, scaling them to long sequences, like documents or high-resolution images, becomes prohibitively expensive due to quadratic time and memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Pourya Shamsolmoali , Masoumeh Zareapoor , Eric Granger , Michael Felsberg

Various forms of sparse attention have been explored to mitigate the quadratic computational and memory cost of the attention mechanism in transformers. We study sparse transformers not through a lens of efficiency but rather in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Parikshit Ram , Kenneth L. Clarkson , Tim Klinger , Shashanka Ubaru , Alexander G. Gray

Neural network verification aims at providing formal guarantees on the output of trained neural networks, to ensure their robustness against adversarial examples and enable their deployment in safety-critical applications. This paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Haoruo Zhao , Hassan Hijazi , Haydn Jones , Juston Moore , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck