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In this work, we introduce EQ-Net: the first holistic framework that solves both the tasks of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) estimation and quantization using a data-driven method. We motivate our approach with theoretical insights on two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Marius Arvinte , Ahmed H. Tewfik , Sriram Vishwanath

To accelerate the inference of deep neural networks (DNNs), quantization with low-bitwidth numbers is actively researched. A prominent challenge is to quantize the DNN models into low-bitwidth numbers without significant accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jiajun Zhou , Jiajun Wu , Yizhao Gao , Yuhao Ding , Chaofan Tao , Boyu Li , Fengbin Tu , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ngai Wong

Neural networks are very popular in many areas, but great computing complexity makes it hard to run neural networks on devices with limited resources. To address this problem, quantization methods are used to reduce model size and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Qingyu Guo , Yuan Wang , Xiaoxin Cui

Quantizing weights and activations of deep neural networks is essential for deploying them in resource-constrained devices, or cloud platforms for at-scale services. While binarization is a special case of quantization, this extreme case…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Phuoc Pham , Jacob Abraham , Jaeyong Chung

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

Quantization is a technique used in deep neural networks (DNNs) to increase execution performance and hardware efficiency. Uniform post-training quantization (PTQ) methods are common, since they can be implemented efficiently in hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Gil Shomron , Freddy Gabbay , Samer Kurzum , Uri Weiser

Fully quantized training (FQT), which uses low-bitwidth hardware by quantizing the activations, weights, and gradients of a neural network model, is a promising approach to accelerate the training of deep neural networks. One major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Jianfei Chen , Yu Gai , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a representative model compression method to reduce redundancy in weights and activations. However, most existing QAT methods require end-to-end training on the entire dataset, which suffers from long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

The deployment of Quantized Neural Networks (QNN) on advanced microcontrollers requires optimized software to exploit digital signal processing (DSP) extensions of modern instruction set architectures (ISA). As such, recent research…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nazareno Bruschi , Angelo Garofalo , Francesco Conti , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Davide Rossi

Network quantization generally converts full-precision weights and/or activations into low-bit fixed-point values in order to accelerate an inference process. Recent approaches to network quantization further discretize the gradients into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Dohyung Kim , Junghyup Lee , Jeimin Jeon , Jaehyeon Moon , Bumsub Ham

Deep networks run with low precision operations at inference time offer power and space advantages over high precision alternatives, but need to overcome the challenge of maintaining high accuracy as precision decreases. Here, we present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Steven K. Esser , Jeffrey L. McKinstry , Deepika Bablani , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical approach to compress large neural networks, making them highly efficient for deployment. However, effectively reducing these models to their low-bit counterparts without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aozhong Zhang , Zi Yang , Naigang Wang , Yingyong Qi , Jack Xin , Xin Li , Penghang Yin

Quantized Indexing is a fast and space-efficient form of enumerative (combinatorial) coding, the strongest among asymptotically optimal universal entropy coding algorithms. The present advance in enumerative coding is similar to that made…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ratko V. Tomic

We propose a novel value-aware quantization which applies aggressively reduced precision to the majority of data while separately handling a small amount of large data in high precision, which reduces total quantization errors under very…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Eunhyeok Park , Sungjoo Yoo , Peter Vajda

Neural network accelerators have been widely applied to edge devices for complex tasks like object tracking, image recognition, etc. Previous works have explored the quantization technologies in related lightweight accelerator designs to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuhao Liu , Salim Ullah , Akash Kumar

We investigate the compression of deep neural networks by quantizing their weights and activations into multiple binary bases, known as multi-bit networks (MBNs), which accelerate the inference and reduce the storage for the deployment on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Zhongnan Qu , Zimu Zhou , Yun Cheng , Lothar Thiele

Elastic precision quantization enables multi-bit deployment via a single optimization pass, fitting diverse quantization scenarios.Yet, the high storage and optimization costs associated with the Transformer architecture, research on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ke Xu , Yixin Wang , Zhongcheng Li , Hao Cui , Jinshui Hu , Xingyi Zhang

Quantization is a powerful tool for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, but the accuracy-performance trade-offs across different formats remain unclear. In this paper, we conduct the most comprehensive empirical study to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Eldar Kurtic , Alexandre Marques , Shubhra Pandit , Mark Kurtz , Dan Alistarh

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be made hardware-efficient by reducing the numerical precision of the weights and activations of the network and by improving the network's resilience to noise. However, this gain in efficiency often comes at…

Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving predictive maintenance across distributed aerospace fleets, but gradient communication overhead constrains deployment on bandwidth-limited IoT nodes. This paper investigates the impact of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Abdelkarim Loukili