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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Bowen Lv , Xueqiao Sun , Bohao Jing , Iat Long Iong , Zhenyu Hou , Zehan Qi , Hanyu Lai , Yifan Xu , Rui Lu , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

We present Agent-Diff, a novel benchmarking framework for evaluating agentic Large Language Models (LLMs) on real-world productivity software API tasks via code execution. Agentic LLM performance varies due to differences in models,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Hubert M. Pysklo , Artem Zhuravel , Patrick D. Watson

The inherent non-deterministic nature of autonomous agents, particularly within low-code/no-code (LCNC) environments, presents significant reliability challenges. Agents can become trapped in unforeseen loops, generate inaccurate outputs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiexi Xu

We investigate whether giving LLM agents the collaborative tools and autonomy that humans naturally use for problem solving can improve their performance. We equip Claude Code agents with MCP-based social media and journaling tools and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Harper Reed , Michael Sugimura , Angelo Zangari

As robots increasingly operate in dynamic human-centric environments, improving their ability to detect, explain, and recover from action-related issues becomes crucial. Traditional model-based and data-driven techniques lack adaptability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Silvia Izquierdo-Badiola , Carlos Rizzo , Guillem Alenyà

Improving Large Language Model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making tasks typically requires extensive task-specific knowledge engineering--custom prompts, curated examples, and specialized observation/action spaces. We investigate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vishnu Sarukkai , Zhiqiang Xie , Kayvon Fatahalian

Advanced agentic intelligence is a prerequisite for deploying Large Language Models in practical, real-world applications. Diverse real-world APIs demand precise, robust function-calling intelligence, which needs agents to develop these…

Small language models are attractive for production deployment due to their low cost, fast inference, and ease of specialization. However, adapting them to a specific task remains a challenging engineering loop, driven not by training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dhruv Atreja , Julia White , Nikhil Nayak , Kelton Zhang , Henrijs Princis , George Hurn-Maloney , Ash Lewis , Urchade Zaratiana

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show great promise for complex, multi-turn tool-use tasks, but their development is often hampered by the extreme scarcity of high-quality training data. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on synthetic data leads…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Siyuan Lu , Zechuan Wang , Hongxuan Zhang , Qintong Wu , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu , Tao Lin

Large language models (LLMs) can now synthesize non-trivial executable code from textual descriptions, raising an important question: can LLMs reliably implement agent-based models from standardized specifications in a way that supports…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nuno Fachada , Daniel Fernandes , Carlos M. Fernandes , João P. Matos-Carvalho

Grounding the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) for embodied tasks is challenging due to the complexity of the physical world. Especially, LLM planning for multi-agent collaboration requires communication of agents or credit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yang Zhang , Shixin Yang , Chenjia Bai , Fei Wu , Xiu Li , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents demonstrate strong capabilities in autonomous task execution, tool use, and multi-step reasoning. However, their increasing autonomy also introduces a new attack surface: adversarial interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sheldon Yu , Yingcheng Sun , Hanqing Guo , Julian McAuley , Qianqian Tong

We introduce Agent2 RL-Bench, a compact diagnostic benchmark for evaluating agentic RL post-training, which tests whether LLM agents can autonomously design, implement, debug, and execute post-training pipelines that improve foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Wanyi Chen , Xiao Yang , Xu Yang , Tianming Sha , Qizheng Li , Zhuo Wang , Bowen Xian , Fang Kong , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian

LLM-based agents have shown promising capabilities in a growing range of software engineering (SWE) tasks. However, advancing this field faces two critical challenges. First, high-quality training data is scarce, especially data that…

Despite remarkable advances in Large Language Model capabilities, tool retrieval for agent-based systems remains fundamentally limited by reliance on semantic similarity, which fails to capture functional viability. Current methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zongze Wu , Yani Guo , Churong Liang , Runnan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to solve a wide range of practical tasks within multi-agent systems. However, existing human-designed multi-agent frameworks are typically limited to a small set of pre-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yaolun Zhang , Xiaogeng Liu , Chaowei Xiao

This paper presents a multiagent approach as a paradigm for scheduling parallel jobs in a parallel system. Scheduling parallel jobs is performed as a means to balance the load of a system in order to improve the performance of a parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-29 Jaderick P. Pabico

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

The effectiveness of LLM-based agents is often limited not by model capacity alone, but by how efficiently contextual information is utilized at runtime. Existing agent frameworks rely on rigid, syntax-heavy state representations such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tong Yang , Yemin Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Aming Wu

Terminal agents extend Large Language Models with the ability to execute tasks directly in command-line environments, but their progress is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality training data. Existing approaches bootstrap from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zihao Cheng , Hongru Wang , Zeming Liu , Xinyi Wang , Xiangrong Zhu , Yuhang Guo , Wei Lin , Jeff Z. Pan , Yunhong Wang