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Simulating a Gaussian process requires sampling from a high-dimensional Gaussian distribution, which scales cubically with the number of sample locations. Spectral methods address this challenge by exploiting the Fourier representation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Arsalan Jawaid , Abdullah Karatas , Jörg Seewig

This paper investigates continuous representations of steering vectors over frequency and microphone/source positions for augmented listening (e.g., spatial filtering and binaural rendering), enabling user-parameterized control of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Diego Di Carlo , Shoichi Koyama , Nugraha Aditya Arie , Fontaine Mathieu , Bando Yoshiaki , Yoshii Kazuyoshi

As function approximators, deep neural networks have served as an effective tool to represent various signal types. Recent approaches utilize multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to learn a nonlinear mapping from a coordinate to its corresponding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Woojin Cho , Minju Jo , Kookjin Lee , Noseong Park

Kernel-based methods are heavily used in machine learning. However, they suffer from $O(N^2)$ complexity in the number $N$ of considered data points. In this paper, we propose an approximation procedure, which reduces this complexity to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Johannes Hertrich

This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating three-dimensional symmetries in the context of statistical learning models geared towards the interpolation of the tensorial properties of atomic-scale structures. We focus on Gaussian…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-04-04 Andrea Grisafi , David M. Wilkins , Michael J. Willatt , Michele Ceriotti

Many phenomena are described by bivariate signals or bidimensional vectors in applications ranging from radar to EEG, optics and oceanography. The time-frequency analysis of bivariate signals is usually carried out by analyzing two separate…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-09 Julien Flamant , Nicolas Le Bihan , Pierre Chainais

We consider the problem of inferring the interaction kernel of stochastic interacting particle systems from observations of a single particle. We adopt a semi-parametric approach and represent the interaction kernel in terms of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Grigorios A. Pavliotis , Andrea Zanoni

Periodic structures are often found in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology with many of them being used for metrological purposes either to calibrate instruments, or forming the basis of measuring devices such as encoders.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-02-13 David Nečas , Andrew Yacoot , Petr Klapetek

Implicit neural representations (INRs) are increasingly being used as tools to map coordinates to signals, encompassing applications from neural fields to texture compression, shape representations, and beyond. Most INR methods are based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Guillaume Perez , Janarbek Matai , Takahiro Harada

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have arisen as useful methods for representing signals on Euclidean domains. By parameterizing an image as a multilayer perceptron (MLP) on Euclidean space, INRs effectively represent signals in a way…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 T. Mitchell Roddenberry , Vishwanath Saragadam , Maarten V. de Hoop , Richard G. Baraniuk

We start with a brief survey on H\"offding's kernels, its properties, related spectral decompositions, and discuss marginal distributions of H\"offding measures. In the second part of this note, one-dimensional covariance representations…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-01 Sergey G. Bobkov , Devraj Duggal

We investigate the relationship between the geometry of token embeddings and their role in the next token prediction within transformer models. An important aspect of this connection uses the notion of empirical measure, which encodes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Karthik Viswanathan , Yuri Gardinazzi , Giada Panerai , Alberto Cazzaniga , Matteo Biagetti

Asymptotic expansions as well as necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for the pointwise convergence of the spherical partial integrals of the associated Fourier transforms on the real hyperbolic space. The proposed method…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-05-25 Agapitos N. Hatzinikitas

Positive semi-definite kernels are used to induce pseudo-metrics, or ``distances'', between measures. We write these as an expected quadratic variation of, or expected inner product between, a random field and the difference of measures.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Ian Langmore

Embeddings are a fundamental component of many modern machine learning and natural language processing models. Understanding them and visualizing them is essential for gathering insights about the information they capture and the behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Piero Molino , Yang Wang , Jiawei Zhang

Neural fields, also known as implicit neural representations (INRs), offer a powerful framework for modeling continuous geometry, but their effectiveness in high-dimensional scientific settings is limited by slow convergence and scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sophia Zorek , Kushal Vyas , Yuhao Liu , David Lenz , Tom Peterka , Guha Balakrishnan

Existing approaches to Implicit Neural Representation (INR) can be interpreted as a global scene representation via a linear combination of Fourier bases of different frequencies. However, such universal basis functions can limit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jason Chun Lok Li , Chang Liu , Binxiao Huang , Ngai Wong

We introduce a class of algorithms for constructing Fourier representations of Gaussian processes in $1$ dimension that are valid over ranges of hyperparameter values. The scaling and frequencies of the Fourier basis functions are evaluated…

Computation · Statistics 2024-06-05 Philip Greengard

Kernel mean embedding is a useful tool to represent and compare probability measures. Despite its usefulness, kernel mean embedding considers infinite-dimensional features, which are challenging to handle in the context of differentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Margarita Vinaroz , Mohammad-Amin Charusaie , Frederik Harder , Kamil Adamczewski , Mijung Park

Traditional neural embeddings represent concepts as points, excelling at similarity but struggling with higher-level reasoning and asymmetric relationships. We introduce a novel paradigm: embedding concepts as linear subspaces. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Gabriel Moreira , Zita Marinho , Manuel Marques , João Paulo Costeira , Chenyan Xiong