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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to process long contexts, yet a notable gap remains in generating long, aligned outputs. This limitation stems from a training gap where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Shanghaoran Quan , Tianyi Tang , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Bofei Gao , Jianhong Tu , Yichang Zhang , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought generation have demonstrated great potential for solving complex reasoning and planning tasks. However, the output of current LLMs is not fully reliable and needs careful verification. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria-Florina Balcan , Avrim Blum , Kiriaki Fragkia , Zhiyuan Li , Dravyansh Sharma

The integration of machine learning models in various real-world applications is becoming more prevalent to assist humans in their daily decision-making tasks as a result of recent advancements in this field. However, it has been discovered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ramtin Hosseini , Li Zhang , Bhanu Garg , Pengtao Xie

The increasing prevalence of Large Language Models (LMs) in critical applications highlights the need for controlled language generation strategies that are not only computationally efficient but that also enjoy performance guarantees. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Emily Cheng , Carmen Amo Alonso

The prevailing assumption of an exponential decay in large language model (LLM) reliability with sequence length, predicated on independent per-token error probabilities, posits an inherent limitation for long autoregressive outputs. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mikhail L. Arbuzov , Sisong Bei , Ziwei Dong , Dmitri Kalaev , Alexey A. Shvets

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation have been extensively studied, particularly for implementing target functionalities from natural-language descriptions. Alternatively, input-output (I/O) examples provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yingjie Fu , Bozhou Li , Linyi Li , Wentao Zhang , Tao Xie

Speculative generation has emerged as a promising technique to accelerate inference in large language models (LLMs) by leveraging parallelism to verify multiple draft tokens simultaneously. However, the fundamental limits on the achievable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Sergey Pankratov , Dan Alistarh

We provide improved gap-dependent regret bounds for reinforcement learning in finite episodic Markov decision processes. Compared to prior work, our bounds depend on alternative definitions of gaps. These definitions are based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Christoph Dann , Teodor V. Marinov , Mehryar Mohri , Julian Zimmert

In statistical classification and machine learning, classification error is an important performance measure, which is minimized by the Bayes decision rule. In practice, the unknown true distribution is usually replaced with a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zijian Yang , Vahe Eminyan , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language generation. However, their output quality can be inconsistent, posing challenges for generating natural language from logical forms (LFs). This task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Levon Haroutunian , Zhuang Li , Lucian Galescu , Philip Cohen , Raj Tumuluri , Gholamreza Haffari

Test-time algorithms that combine the generative power of language models with process verifiers that assess the quality of partial generations offer a promising lever for eliciting new reasoning capabilities, but the algorithmic design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Dhruv Rohatgi , Abhishek Shetty , Donya Saless , Yuchen Li , Ankur Moitra , Andrej Risteski , Dylan J. Foster

Inspired by recent work in meta-learning and generative teaching networks, we propose a framework called Generative Conversational Networks, in which conversational agents learn to generate their own labelled training data (given some seed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Alexandros Papangelis , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Seokhwan Kim , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

In this work, we introduce a comprehensive error typology specifically designed for evaluating two distinct tasks in machine-generated patent texts: claims-to-abstract generation, and the generation of the next claim given previous ones. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 You Zuo , Kim Gerdes , Eric Villemonte de La Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

Large language models (LLMs) inherently operate over a large generation space, yet conventional usage typically reports the most likely generation (MLG) as a point prediction, which underestimates the model's capability: although the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ye Li , Anqi Hu , Yuanchang Ye , Shiyan Tong , Zhiyuan Wang , Bo Fu

Specifying all desirable properties of a language model is challenging, but certain requirements seem essential. Given samples from an unknown language, the trained model should produce valid strings not seen in training and be expressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Grigoris Velegkas

Q-learning is known as one of the fundamental reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Its convergence has been the focus of extensive research over the past several decades. Recently, a new finitetime error bound and analysis for Q-learning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Donghwna Lee

While many optimization problems work with a fixed number of decision variables and thus a fixed-length representation of possible solutions, genetic programming (GP) works on variable-length representations. A naturally occurring problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Benjamin Doerr , Timo Kötzing , J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski , Johannes Lengler

Controlled generation refers to the problem of creating text that contains stylistic or semantic attributes of interest. Many approaches reduce this problem to training a predictor of the desired attribute. For example, researchers hoping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Carolina Zheng , Claudia Shi , Keyon Vafa , Amir Feder , David M. Blei

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer is when a multilingual model is trained to perform a task in one language and then is applied to another language. Although the zero-shot cross-lingual transfer approach has achieved success in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tianjian Li , Kenton Murray

The recent surge in research focused on generating synthetic data from large language models (LLMs), especially for scenarios with limited data availability, marks a notable shift in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). Their ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xu Guo , Yiqiang Chen