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Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance, but their deployment presents challenges due to their significant memory usage. This issue can be alleviated through quantization. In this paper, we identify that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhihang Yuan , Lin Niu , Jiawei Liu , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Guangyu Sun , Qiang Wu , Jiaxiang Wu , Bingzhe Wu

Due to their large size, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant computing and storage resources. This paper introduces a new post-training quantization method, GPTQT, to reduce memory usage and enhance processing speed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yipin Guo , Yilin Lang , Qinyuan Ren

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a widely used method to compress large language models (LLMs) without fine-tuning. It typically sets quantization hyperparameters (e.g., scaling factors) based on current-layer activations. Although this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zheqi Lv , Zhenxuan Fan , Qi Tian , Wenqiao Zhang , Yueting Zhuang

Post-training quantization is an effective method for reducing the serving cost of large language models, where the standard approach is to use a round-to-nearest quantization level scheme. However, this often introduces large errors due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Ziteng Sun , Adrian Benton , Samuel Kushnir , Asher Trockman , Vikas Singh , Suhas Diggavi , Ananda Theertha Suresh

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun

Post-training quantization attracts increasing attention due to its convenience in deploying quantized neural networks. Although rounding-to-nearest remains the prevailing method for DNN quantization, prior research has demonstrated its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Zhengyi Li , Cong Guo , Zhanda Zhu , Yangjie Zhou , Yuxian Qiu , Xiaotian Gao , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

1-bit LLM quantization offers significant advantages in reducing storage and computational costs. However, existing methods typically train 1-bit LLMs from scratch, failing to fully leverage pre-trained models. This results in high training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhijun Tu , Jian Li , Yuanyuan Xi , Siqi Liu , Chuanjian Liu , Hanting Chen , Jie Hu , Yunhe Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but pose significant challenges for real-world deployment. These models necessitate considerable computing resources, which can be costly and frequently unavailable.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Xiliang Zhu , Elena Khasanova , Cheng Chen

Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is crucial for efficient Large Language Model (LLM) deployment but suffers from accuracy degradation caused by weight and activation outliers. Existing mitigation strategies often face critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xi Chen , Ming Li , Junxi Li , Changsheng Li , Peisong Wang , Lizhong Ding , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly pushed forward advancements in natural language processing, yet their high memory and computational demands hinder practical deployment. Binarization, as an effective compression technique, can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Tianao Zhang , Haotong Qin , Dong Xie , Jiang Tian , zhongchao shi , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

Training large language models (LLMs) is highly memory-intensive, as training must store not only weights and optimizer states but also intermediate activations for backpropagation. While existing memory-efficient methods largely focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wen-Da Wei , Han-Bin Fang , Yang-Di Liu , Jiang-Xin Shi , James Kwok , Yu-Feng Li

Low-bit activation quantization remains a major bottleneck in efficient large language model (LLM) deployment. The difficulty is not only that activations contain outliers, but that their distributions are often poorly matched to a low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ke Li , Dong An , Xiaoling Zang , Can Ye , Liang Xie , Qibo Qiu , Chen Shen , Xiaofei He , Wenxiao Wang

In this paper, we propose a rotation-constrained compensation method to address the errors introduced by structured pruning of large language models (LLMs). LLMs are trained on massive datasets and accumulate rich semantic knowledge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Shuichiro Haruta , Kazunori Matsumoto , Zhi Li , Yanan Wang , Mori Kurokawa

Emergent Large Language Models (LLMs) use their extraordinary performance and powerful deduction capacity to discern from traditional language models. However, the expenses of computational resources and storage for these LLMs are stunning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Yuting Xiao , Zhiyuan Xiang , Ruiting Dai , Jun Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) show excellent performance but are compute- and memory-intensive. Quantization can reduce memory and accelerate inference. However, existing methods cannot maintain accuracy and hardware efficiency at the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Guangxuan Xiao , Ji Lin , Mickael Seznec , Hao Wu , Julien Demouth , Song Han

One of the challenges of quantizing a large language model (LLM) is the presence of outliers. Outliers often make uniform quantization schemes less effective, particularly in extreme cases such as 4-bit quantization. We introduce KurTail, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mohammad Sadegh Akhondzadeh , Aleksandar Bojchevski , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

Weight-only quantization is important for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by the spirit of classical magnitude pruning, we study whether the magnitude of weight updates during reasoning-incentivized fine-tuning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nan Zhang , Eugene Kwek , Yusen Zhang , Muyu Pan , Suhang Wang , Prasenjit Mitra , Rui Zhang

Modern large language models (LLMs) have established state-of-the-art performance through architectural improvements, but still require significant computational cost for inference. In an effort to reduce the inference cost, post-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jaewoo Yang , Hayun Kim , Younghoon Kim

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently updated, LoRA weights trained on earlier versions quickly become obsolete. The conventional practice of retraining LoRA weights from scratch on the latest model is costly, time-consuming, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yanan Li , Fanxu Meng , Muhan Zhang , Shiai Zhu , Shangguang Wang , Mengwei Xu