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Brains construct not only "first-order" representations of the environment but also "higher-order" representations about those representations -- including higher-order uncertainty estimates that guide learning and adaptive behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hojjat Azimi Asrari , Megan A. K. Peters

In recent years, Diffusion Models have become the new state-of-the-art in deep generative modeling, ending the long-time dominance of Generative Adversarial Networks. Inspired by the Regularization by Denoising principle, we introduce an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-31 Pasquale Cascarano , Lorenzo Stacchio , Andrea Sebastiani , Alessandro Benfenati , Ulugbek S. Kamilov , Gustavo Marfia

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art synthesis quality on both visual and audio tasks, and recent works further adapt them to textual data by diffusing on the embedding space. In this paper, we conduct systematic studies of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zhujin Gao , Junliang Guo , Xu Tan , Yongxin Zhu , Fang Zhang , Jiang Bian , Linli Xu

Diffusion models are a powerful tool for probabilistic forecasting, yet most applications in high-dimensional complex systems predict future states individually. This approach struggles to model complex temporal dependencies and fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Salva Rühling Cachay , Miika Aittala , Karsten Kreis , Noah Brenowitz , Arash Vahdat , Morteza Mardani , Rose Yu

Diffusion models can be improved with additional guidance towards more effective representations of input. Indeed, prior empirical work has already shown that aligning internal representations of the diffusion model with those of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chenyu Wang , Cai Zhou , Sharut Gupta , Zongyu Lin , Stefanie Jegelka , Stephen Bates , Tommi Jaakkola

Recent studies have shown that the denoising process in (generative) diffusion models can induce meaningful (discriminative) representations inside the model, though the quality of these representations still lags behind those learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Sihyun Yu , Sangkyung Kwak , Huiwon Jang , Jongheon Jeong , Jonathan Huang , Jinwoo Shin , Saining Xie

Using diffusion models to solve inverse problems is a growing field of research. Current methods assume the degradation to be known and provide impressive results in terms of restoration quality and diversity. In this work, we leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Charles Laroche , Andrés Almansa , Eva Coupete

A primary challenge when deploying speaker recognition systems in real-world applications is performance degradation caused by environmental mismatch. We propose a diffusion-based method that takes speaker embeddings extracted from a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 KiHyun Nam , Jungwoo Heo , Jee-weon Jung , Gangin Park , Chaeyoung Jung , Ha-Jin Yu , Joon Son Chung

REPA and its variants effectively mitigate training challenges in diffusion models by incorporating external visual representations from pretrained models, through alignment between the noisy hidden projections of denoising networks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ge Wu , Shen Zhang , Ruijing Shi , Shanghua Gao , Zhenyuan Chen , Lei Wang , Zhaowei Chen , Hongcheng Gao , Yao Tang , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Xiang Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are often unable to generalise well to environment variations in the state space that were not observed during training. This issue is especially problematic for image-based RL, where a change in just one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Mhairi Dunion , Trevor McInroe , Kevin Sebastian Luck , Josiah P. Hanna , Stefano V. Albrecht

Drawing upon recent advances in language model alignment, we formulate offline Reinforcement Learning as a two-stage optimization problem: First pretraining expressive generative policies on reward-free behavior datasets, then fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Huayu Chen , Kaiwen Zheng , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Edge detection is typically viewed as a pixel-level classification problem mainly addressed by discriminative methods. Recently, generative edge detection methods, especially diffusion model based solutions, are initialized in the edge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Caixia Zhou , Yaping Huang , Mochu Xiang , Jiahui Ren , Haibin Ling , Jing Zhang

We introduce iterative reasoning through energy diffusion (IRED), a novel framework for learning to reason for a variety of tasks by formulating reasoning and decision-making problems with energy-based optimization. IRED learns energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yilun Du , Jiayuan Mao , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Artificial neural networks perform state-of-the-art in an ever-growing number of tasks, and nowadays they are used to solve an incredibly large variety of tasks. There are problems, like the presence of biases in the training data, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Enzo Tartaglione , Carlo Alberto Barbano , Marco Grangetto

Diffusion models have emerged as the mainstream approach for visual generation. However, these models typically suffer from sample inefficiency and high training costs. Consequently, methods for efficient finetuning, inference and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Felix Krause , Timy Phan , Ming Gui , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Diffusion models have established themselves as the de facto primary paradigm in visual generative modeling, revolutionizing the field through remarkable success across various diverse applications ranging from high-quality image synthesis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhiyu Tan , WenXu Qian , Hesen Chen , Mengping Yang , Lei Chen , Hao Li

Blind face restoration usually synthesizes degraded low-quality data with a pre-defined degradation model for training, while more complex cases could happen in the real world. This gap between the assumed and actual degradation hurts the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Zhixin Wang , Xiaoyun Zhang , Ziying Zhang , Huangjie Zheng , Mingyuan Zhou , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image processing tend to focus on localized texture patterns, commonly referred to as texture bias. While most of the previous works in the literature focus on the task of image classification, we go…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Edgar Heinert , Matthias Rottmann , Kira Maag , Karsten Kahl

Diffusion models excel in solving imaging inverse problems due to their ability to model complex image priors. However, their reliance on large, clean datasets for training limits their practical use where clean data is scarce. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Weimin Bai , Yifei Wang , Wenzheng Chen , He Sun

Diffusion models have demonstrated exceptional capability in generating high-quality images, videos, and audio. Due to their adaptiveness in iterative refinement, they provide a strong potential for achieving better non-autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yuxuan Liu , Tianchi Yang , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang
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