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Recent developments for Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SSOD) have shown the promise of leveraging unlabeled data to improve an object detector. However, thus far these methods have assumed that the unlabeled data does not contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Yen-Cheng Liu , Chih-Yao Ma , Xiaoliang Dai , Junjiao Tian , Peter Vajda , Zijian He , Zsolt Kira

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for deploying image classifiers in safety-sensitive environments, yet existing detectors often struggle when OOD samples are semantically similar to the in-distribution (ID) classes. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yuanchao Wang , Tian Qin , Eduardo Valle , Bruno Abrahao

Modern machine learning models, that excel on computer vision tasks such as classification and object detection, are often overconfident in their predictions for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) examples, resulting in unpredictable behaviour for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina , Mauricio Che , Yona F. A. Gaus , Samet Akcay , Toby P. Breckon

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have demonstrated significant success in interpreting Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing dense representations into sparse, semantic components. However, their potential for analyzing Vision Transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ahyoung Oh , Wonseok Shin , Songkuk Kim

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances is significant for the safe deployment of NLP models. Among recent textual OOD detection works based on pretrained language models (PLMs), distance-based methods have shown superior performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Sishuo Chen , Xiaohan Bi , Rundong Gao , Xu Sun

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection refers to training the model on an in-distribution (ID) dataset to classify whether the input images come from unknown classes. Considerable effort has been invested in designing various OOD detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Hualiang Wang , Yi Li , Huifeng Yao , Xiaomeng Li

There have been several efforts to improve Novelty Detection (ND) performance. However, ND methods often suffer significant performance drops under minor distribution shifts caused by changes in the environment, known as style shifts. This…

In many classification problems, collecting massive clean-annotated data is not easy, and thus a lot of researches have been done to handle data with noisy labels. Most recent state-of-art solutions for noisy label problems are built on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Dongha Kim , Yongchan Choi , Kunwoong Kim , Yongdai Kim

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for identifying test samples that deviate from in-distribution (ID) data, ensuring network robustness and reliability. This paper presents a flexible framework for OOD knowledge distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao , Yixuan Zhang , Kun-Yu Lin , Wei-Shi Zheng

Few-shot OOD detection focuses on recognizing out-of-distribution (OOD) images that belong to classes unseen during training, with the use of only a small number of labeled in-distribution (ID) images. Up to now, a mainstream strategy is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hao Sun , Rundong He , Zhongyi Han , Zhicong Lin , Yongshun Gong , Yilong Yin

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential in real-world applications, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing OOD detection methods require many labeled In-Distribution (ID) data, causing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yi-Xuan Sun , Wei Wang

Full-spectrum out-of-distribution (F-OOD) detection aims to accurately recognize in-distribution (ID) samples while encountering semantic and covariate shifts simultaneously. However, existing out-of-distribution (OOD) detectors tend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Fan Lu , Kai Zhu , Kecheng Zheng , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains a fundamental challenge for deep neural networks, particularly due to overconfident predictions on unseen OOD samples during testing. We reveal a key insight: OOD samples predicted as the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yanqi Wu , Qichao Chen , Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Jia-Xin Zhuang , Zhilin Zhao , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Reliable use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for medical image analysis requires methods to identify inputs that differ significantly from the training data, called out-of-distribution (OOD), to prevent erroneous predictions. OOD detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Harry Anthony , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

We aim at finetuning a vision-language model without hurting its out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. We address two types of OOD generalization, i.e., i) domain shift such as natural to sketch images, and ii) zero-shot capability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jinwei Han , Zhiwen Lin , Zhongyisun Sun , Yingguo Gao , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding , Yuan Gao , Gui-Song Xia

Machine learning models are vulnerable to Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) examples, and such a problem has drawn much attention. However, current methods lack a full understanding of different types of OOD data: there are benign OOD data that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhuo Huang , Xiaobo Xia , Li Shen , Bo Han , Mingming Gong , Chen Gong , Tongliang Liu

Detecting out-of-domain (OOD) intents from user queries is essential for a task-oriented dialogue system. Previous OOD detection studies generally work on the assumption that plenty of labeled IND intents exist. In this paper, we focus on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Pei Wang , Keqing He , Yutao Mou , Xiaoshuai Song , Yanan Wu , Jingang Wang , Yunsen Xian , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims to distinguish unknown classes from known classes, has received increasing attention recently. A main challenge within is the unavailable of samples from the unknown classes in the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingle Xu , Jaehwan Lee , Sook Yoon , Dong Sun Park

Based on multiple instance detection networks (MIDN), plenty of works have contributed tremendous efforts to weakly supervised object detection (WSOD). However, most methods neglect the fact that the overwhelming negative instances exist in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 M. Chen , Y. Tian , Z. Li , E. Li , Z. Liang