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Large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance, but their high compute and memory costs make deployment difficult in resource-constrained scenarios. Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is appealing, as it reduces memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xianglong Yan , ChengZhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Shaoqiu Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Samm Sun , Yulun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer bidirectional context and flexible masked-denoising generation, are emerging as a compelling alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. However, like AR LLMs, their model sizes continue to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tianao Zhang , Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Haotong Qin , Yong Guo , Yulun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various domains, but they are constrained by massive computational and storage costs. Quantization, an effective technique for compressing models to fit resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Xiaotong Zhang , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Wei Wang , Fenglong Ma , Hong Yu

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), numerous Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) strategies have been proposed to alleviate deployment barriers created by their enormous parameter counts. Quantization achieves compression by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Wonjun Bang , Jongseok Park , Hongseung Yu , Kyungmin Bin , Kyunghan Lee

Improving the efficiency of inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical area of research. Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is a popular technique, but it often faces challenges at low-bit levels, particularly in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjin Ke , Zhe Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Quantization-aware training (QAT) simulates a quantization process during training to lower bit-precision of weights/activations. It learns quantized weights indirectly by updating latent weights,i.e., full-precision inputs to a quantizer,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Junghyup Lee , Jeimin Jeon , Dohyung Kim , Bumsub Ham

Understanding entanglement remains one of the most intriguing problems in physics. While particle and site entanglement have been studied extensively, the investigation of length or energy scale entanglement, quantifying the information…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-19 Stefan Rohshap , Jheng-Wei Li , Alena Lorenz , Serap Hasil , Karsten Held , Anna Kauch , Markus Wallerberger

The emergence of accurate open large language models (LLMs) has sparked a push for advanced quantization techniques to enable efficient deployment on end-user devices. In this paper, we revisit the challenge of extreme LLM compression --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zhixiong Zhao , Fangxin Liu , Junjie Wang , Chenyang Guan , Zongwu Wang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Large-scale language models (LLMs) excel in language processing tasks but face deployment challenges due to high memory and computational demands. While low-bit quantization, such as 4-bit techniques, offers a potential solution, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Dongyoung Lee , Seungkyu Choi , Ik Joon Chang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan

This work studies post-training parameter quantization in large language models (LLMs). We introduce quantization with incoherence processing (QuIP), a new method based on the insight that quantization benefits from $\textit{incoherent}$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jerry Chee , Yaohui Cai , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Christopher De Sa

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become a crucial tool for reducing the memory and compute costs of modern deep neural networks, including large language models (LLMs). Among PTQ algorithms, the OPTQ framework-also known as GPTQ-has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haoyu Zhang , Shihao Zhang , Ian Colbert , Rayan Saab

Dynamic runtime latency and memory constraints necessitate flexible large language model (LLM) deployment, where an LLM can be inferred with various quantization precisions based on available computational resources. Recent work on such…

In this paper we propose a new soft-input soft-output equalization algorithm, offering very good performance/complexity tradeoffs. It follows the structure of the BCJR algorithm, but dynamically constructs a simplified trellis during the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Marcin Sikora , Daniel J. Costello

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but are difficult to deploy under tight memory and compute constraints. Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising direction; however, it typically relies on calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xinzhe Zheng , Zhen-Qun Yang , Zishan Liu , Haoran Xie , S. Joe Qin , Arlene Chen , Fangzhen Lin

This paper proposes a novel matrix quantization method, Binary Quadratic Quantization (BQQ). In contrast to conventional first-order quantization approaches, such as uniform quantization and binary coding quantization, that approximate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kyo Kuroki , Yasuyuki Okoshi , Thiem Van Chu , Kazushi Kawamura , Masato Motomura

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) compresses large language models to low bit-widths using a small calibration set, and its quality depends strongly on which samples are chosen. We identify a failure mode in which calibration samples fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ibne Farabi Shihab , Sanjeda Akter , Anuj Sharma

Post-training quantization (PTQ) for vision transformers (ViTs) has received increasing attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its minimal data needs and high time efficiency. However, many current methods fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yunshan Zhong , You Huang , Jiawei Hu , Yuxin Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces excessive hardware cost by quantizing full-precision models into lower bit representations on a tiny calibration set, without retraining. Despite the remarkable progress made through recent efforts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Junrui Xiao , Zhikai Li , Lianwei Yang , Yiduo Mei , Qingyi Gu