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Related papers: SkillEvolver: Skill Learning as a Meta-Skill

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Large language model (LLM) agents accumulate rich episodic trajectories while solving real-world tasks, but it remains unclear whether such experience can be distilled into reusable procedural skills. We introduce SkillEvolBench, a…

To survive and thrive in complex environments, humans have evolved sophisticated self-improvement mechanisms through environment exploration, hierarchical abstraction of experiences into reuseable skills, and collaborative construction of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Boyuan Zheng , Michael Y. Fatemi , Xiaolong Jin , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Apurva Gandhi , Yueqi Song , Yu Gu , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Graham Neubig , Yu Su

Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skills are typically improved through prompt engineering or by aligning the task LLM itself,…

Large language model (LLM) agents such as OpenClaw rely on reusable skills to perform complex tasks, yet these skills remain largely static after deployment. As a result, similar workflows, tool usage patterns, and failure modes are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ziyu Ma , Shidong Yang , Yuxiang Ji , Xucong Wang , Yong Wang , Yiming Hu , Tongwen Huang , Xiangxiang Chu

AI agents can extend their capabilities at inference time by loading reusable skills into context, yet equipping an agent with too many skills, particularly irrelevant ones, degrades performance. As community-driven skill repositories grow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Fangzhou Li , Pagkratios Tagkopoulos , Ilias Tagkopoulos

Agent skills today are hand-crafted, generated one-shot, or evolved through loosely controlled self-revision, none of which behaves like a deep-learning optimizer for the skill, and none of which reliably improves over its starting point…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yifan Yang , Ziyang Gong , Weiquan Huang , Qihao Yang , Ziwei Zhou , Zisu Huang , Yan Li , Xuemei Gao , Qi Dai , Bei Liu , Kai Qiu , Yuqing Yang , Dongdong Chen , Xue Yang , Chong Luo

Skills have become the de facto way to enable LLM agents to perform complex real-world tasks with customized instructions, workflows, and tools, but how to learn them automatically and effectively remains unclear. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shanshan Zhong , Yi Lu , Jingjie Ning , Yibing Wan , Lihan Feng , Yuyi Ao , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Markus Dreyer , Sean Ammirati , Chenyan Xiong

Current AI agents can flexibly invoke tools and execute complex tasks, yet their long-term advancement is hindered by the lack of systematic accumulation and transfer of skills. Without a unified mechanism for skill consolidation, agents…

As the capability frontier of autonomous agents continues to expand, they are increasingly able to complete specialized tasks through plug-and-play external skills. Yet current benchmarks mostly test whether models can use provided skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziao Zhang , Kou Shi , Shiting Huang , Avery Nie , Yu Zeng , Yiming Zhao , Zhen Fang , Qishen Su , Haibo Qiu , Wei Yang , Qingnan Ren , Shun Zou , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

Agent Skills are structured packages of procedural knowledge that augment LLM agents at inference time. Despite rapid adoption, there is no standard way to measure whether they actually help. We present SkillsBench, a benchmark of 86 tasks…

Skills are a promising way to improve LLM agent capabilities without retraining, while keeping the added procedure reusable and controllable. However, high-quality skills are still largely written by hand. We introduce SkillGen, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuchen Ma , Yue Huang , Han Bao , Haomin Zhuang , Swadheen Shukla , Michel Galley , Xiangliang Zhang , Stefan Feuerriegel

Coding agents are increasingly used as general-purpose problem solvers, but their flexibility does not by itself confer the domain expertise needed for specialized tasks. Recent work addresses this through \textit{agent skills}: reusable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Salaheddin Alzubi , Noah Provenzano , Jaydon Bingham , Weiyuan Chen , Tu Vu

Metasurface inverse design has become central to realizing complex optical functionality, yet translating target responses into executable, solver-compatible workflows still demands specialized expertise in computational electromagnetics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yi Huang , Bowen Zheng , Yunxi Dong , Hong Tang , Huan Zhao , S. M. Rakibul Hasan Shawon , Hualiang Zhang

Anthropic proposes the concept of skills for LLM agents to tackle multi-step professional tasks that simple tool invocations cannot address. A tool is a single, self-contained function, whereas a skill is a structured bundle of…

Agent skills provide a lightweight way to adapt LLM agents to specialized domains by storing reusable procedural knowledge in structured files. However, whether downloaded from third parties or self-generated, these skills are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hanyu Wang , Yifan Lan , Bochuan Cao , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

A persistent skill library allows language model agents to reuse successful strategies across tasks. Maintaining such a library requires three coupled capabilities. The agent selects a relevant skill, utilizes it during execution, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Yuchun Miao , Shugui Liu , Qi GU , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Long-horizon LLM agents leave traces that could become reusable experience, but raw trajectories are noisy and hard to govern. We treat Agent Skills as an experience schema that couples executable scripts, with non-executable guidance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongyi Liu , Haoyan Yang , Tao Jiang , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

Test-time skill evolving is regarded as a new paradigm for enhancing deployed agentic systems. Existing works mainly focus on hard-coded skill evolving strategies or parametric learning that rely on expensive parameter updates in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xujun Li , Kehan Zheng , Mingyuan Zhao , Yize Geng , Jinfeng Zhou , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Lifeng Shang , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang

In recent years, a variety of powerful LLM-based agentic systems have been applied to automate complex tasks through task orchestration. However, existing orchestration methods still face key challenges, including strategy collapse under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mingda Zhang , Tiesunlong Shen , Haoran Luo , Wenjin Liu , Zikai Xiao , Erik Cambria , Xiaoying Tang

Skill libraries enable large language model agents to reuse experience from past interactions, but most existing libraries store skills as isolated entries and retrieve them only by semantic similarity. This leads to two key challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xiaoyuan Li , Moxin Li , Keqin Bao , Yubo Ma , Wenjie Wang , Dayiheng Liu , Fuli Feng
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