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Deep neural networks tend to underestimate uncertainty and produce overly confident predictions. Recently proposed solutions, such as MC Dropout and SDENet, require complex training and/or auxiliary out-of-distribution data. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Akib Mashrur , Wei Luo , Nayyar A. Zaidi , Antonio Robles-Kelly

Delay embedding---a method for reconstructing dynamical systems by delay coordinates---is widely used to forecast nonlinear time series as a model-free approach. When multivariate time series are observed, several existing frameworks can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-04 Shunya Okuno , Kazuyuki Aihara , Yoshito Hirata

This work proposes a novel method to robustly and accurately model time series with heavy-tailed noise, in non-stationary scenarios. In many practical application time series have heavy-tailed noise that significantly impacts the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-01 Elena Ehrlich , Laurent Callot , François-Xavier Aubet

Reinforcement Learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a fundamental tension: the numerical divergence between high-throughput inference engines and numerically precise training engines. Although these systems share the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yingru Li , Jiawei Xu , Jiacai Liu , Yuxuan Tong , Ziniu Li , Tianle Cai , Ge Zhang , Qian Liu , Baoxiang Wang

Nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are powerful tools for modeling real-world dynamical systems. However, propagating initial state uncertainty through nonlinear dynamics, especially when the ODE is unknown and learned from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Peter Amorese , Morteza Lahijanian

The Weibull distribution is a commonly adopted choice for modeling the survival of systems subject to maintenance over time. When only proxy indicators and censored observations are available, it becomes necessary to express the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-11 Gabrielle Rives , Olivier Lopez , Nicolas Bousquet

Accurately assessing financial risk requires capturing both individual asset volatility and the complex, asymmetric dependence structures that emerge during extreme market events. While modern diffusion-based models have advanced…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 David Huk , Dongshan Wang , Miha Bresar

Reliable probability estimation is of crucial importance in many real-world applications where there is inherent (aleatoric) uncertainty. Probability-estimation models are trained on observed outcomes (e.g. whether it has rained or not, or…

Long-tail motion forecasting is a core challenge for autonomous driving, where rare yet safety-critical events-such as abrupt maneuvers and dense multi-agent interactions-dominate real-world risk. Existing approaches struggle in these…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bin Rao , Chengyue Wang , Haicheng Liao , Qianfang Wang , Yanchen Guan , Jiaxun Zhang , Xingcheng Liu , Meixin Zhu , Kanye Ye Wang , Zhenning Li

We extend the L\'evy Langevin Monte Carlo method studied by Oechsler in 2024 to the setting of a target distribution with heavy tails: Choosing a target distribution from the class of subexponential distributions we prove convergence of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Anita Behme , Claudius Lütke Schwienhorst

Understanding and predicting uncertain things are the central themes of scientific evolution. Human beings revolve around these fears of uncertainties concerning various aspects like a global pandemic, health, finances, to name but a few.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-31 Sayantan Nag Chowdhury , Arnob Ray , Arindam Mishra , Dibakar Ghosh

This paper develops a model-based framework for continuous-time policy evaluation (CTPE) in reinforcement learning, incorporating both Brownian and L\'evy noise to model stochastic dynamics influenced by rare and extreme events. Our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Qihao Ye , Xiaochuan Tian , Yuhua Zhu

Heavy-tailed random variables have been used in insurance research to model both loss frequencies and loss severities, with substantially more emphasis on the latter. In the present work, we take a step toward addressing this imbalance by…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-11 Jiansheng Dai , Ziheng Huang , Michael R. Powers , Jiaxin Xu

Several studies have shown that deep learning models can provide more accurate volatility forecasts than the traditional methods used within this domain. This paper presents a composite model that merges a deep learning approach with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 V Ncume , T. L van Zyl , A Paskaramoorthy

Despite the recent success of deep neural networks, it remains challenging to effectively model the long-tail class distribution in visual recognition tasks. To address this problem, we first investigate the performance bottleneck of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Songyang Zhang , Zeming Li , Shipeng Yan , Xuming He , Jian Sun

We investigate a way of comparing and classifying tails of random variables. Our approach extends the notion of classical indices, such as exponential and moment indices, which are widely used measuring heaviness of tail functions. A…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Jaakko Lehtomaa

A fundamental characteristic of natural language is the high rate at which speakers produce novel expressions. Because of this novelty, a heavy-tail of rare events accounts for a significant amount of the total probability mass of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Benjamin LeBrun , Alessandro Sordoni , Timothy J. O'Donnell

Multi-Entity Dependence Learning (MEDL) explores conditional correlations among multiple entities. The availability of rich contextual information requires a nimble learning scheme that tightly integrates with deep neural networks and has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Luming Tang , Yexiang Xue , Di Chen , Carla P. Gomes

Deep neural networks have achieved impressive performance on a variety of tasks, but their brittleness to distributional shifts remains a significant barrier to real-world deployment. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyse and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Divij Khaitan , Subhashis Banerjee

L\'evy processes are widely used in financial modeling due to their ability to capture discontinuities and heavy tails, which are common in high-frequency asset return data. However, parameter estimation remains a challenge when associated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-01 Nicolas Coloma , William Kleiber
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