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Spatial phenomena often exhibit heterogeneity across spatial extents and in proximity, making them complex to model-especially in dynamic regions like ice shelves and sea ice. In this study, we address this challenge by exploring the…
The rock heterogeneity exists widely in fault zones; however, the intrinsic mechanism of how it affects the mechanical behavior of faults is poorly understood. To develop a quantitative understanding of the effect of the rock heterogeneity…
We examine the linear stability of a shear flow driven by wind stress at the free surface and rotation at the lower boundary, mimicking oceanic flows influenced by surface winds and rotation of Earth. The linearised eigenvalue problem is…
Quantifying kinetic energy (KE) and enstrophy transfer, mixing, and dissipation in the Arctic Ocean is key to understanding polar ocean dynamics, which are critical components of the global climate system. However, in ice-covered regions,…
This second part of the study develops a geometric and asymptotic description of how surface tension governs the modulational stability of interfacial waves in a two-layer fluid. Extending the analytical framework of Part~I, surface tension…
Trajectory of surface gravity waves in potential flow regime is affected by the gravitational acceleration, water density, and seabed depth. While the gravitational acceleration and water density are approximately constant, the effect of…
There is evidence of triggering of tremor by seismic waves emanating from distant large earthquakes. The frequency contents of triggered and ambient tremor are largely identical, suggesting that tremor does not depend directly on the nature…
Grain size is an important control on mantle viscosity and permeability, but is difficult or impossible to measure in situ. We construct a two-dimensional, single phase model for the steady-state mean grain size beneath a mid-ocean ridge.…
The physics of planetary climate features a variety of complex systems that are challenging to model as they feature turbulent flows. A key example is the heat flux from the upper ocean to the underside of sea ice which provides a key…
Failure and fault slip in crystalline rocks is associated with dilation. When pore fluids are present and drainage is insufficient, dilation leads to pore pressure drops, which in turn lead to strengthening of the material. We conducted…
We investigate the formation of subaqueous transverse bedforms in turbulent open channel flow by means of direct numerical simulations with fully-resolved particles. The main goal of the present analysis is to address the question whether…
Turbulence in the upper ocean in the submesoscale range (scales smaller than the deformation radius) plays an important role for the heat exchange with the atmosphere and for oceanic biogeochemistry. Its dynamics should strongly depend on…
Ocean mesoscale eddies enhance meridional buoyancy transport, notably in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current where they contribute to setting the deep stratification of the neighboring ocean basins. The much-needed parameterization of this…
We show that the primordial density field imposes certain degree of coherence in the orientation of density perturbations. We quantify the scale of coherence and show that is significant on scales of at least $30-40h^{-1}$Mpc, being more…
Basal crevasses are macroscopic structural discontinuities at the base of ice sheets and glaciers. Motivated by observations and the mechanics of elastic fracture, we hypothesise that in the presence of basal water pressure, spatial…
We argue that nucleation of brittle cracks in initially flawless soft elastic solids is preceded by a nonlinear elastic instability, which cannot be captured without accounting for geometrical precise description of finite elastic…
Earth's climate can be understood as a dynamical system that changes due to external forcing and internal couplings. Essential climate variables, such as surface air temperature, describe this dynamics. Our current interglacial, the…
Ocean motions at frequencies of the internal wave band are generally associated with freely propagating waves that are supported by stable vertical stratification in density. Previous analyses of yearlong current observations from the Bay…
Weak Wave Turbulence is a powerful theory to predict statistical observables of diverse relevant physical phenomena, such as ocean waves, magnetohydrodynamics and nonlinear optics. The theory is based upon an asymptotic closure permitted in…
Boundary conditions at a liquid-solid interface are crucial to dynamics of a liquid film coated on a fibre. Here a theoretical framework based on axisymmetric Stokes equations is developed to explore the influence of liquid-solid slip on…