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Related papers: Mind Modeling: A ToM-Based Framework for Personali…

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An ideal integration of autonomous agents in a human world implies that they are able to collaborate on human terms. In particular, theory of mind plays an important role in maintaining common ground during human collaboration and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Cristian-Paul Bara , Sky CH-Wang , Joyce Chai

Natural language interaction with agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI), driven by Large Language Models (LLMs), is expected to remain a dominant paradigm in the near future. While humans instinctively align their communication with mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Mehdi Jafari , Devin Yuncheng Hua , Hao Xue , Flora Salim

Traditional agent-based models (ABMs) of opinion dynamics often fail to capture the psychological heterogeneity driving online polarization due to simplistic homogeneity assumptions. This limitation obscures the critical interplay between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Zhixiang Lu , Xueyuan Deng , Yiran Liu , Yulong Li , Qiang Yan , Imran Razzak , Jionglong Su

Consciousness has been hypothesized to operate as a global workspace, which accesses and integrates multimodal information in a unified manner, supports expectation violation monitoring and reduction, and the motivation, programming and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-26 D. Rudrauf , G. Sergeant-Perthuis , O. Belli , Y. Tisserand , G. Di Marzo Serugendo

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming human-computer interaction and conceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) with their impressive capacities for conversing and reasoning in natural language. There is growing interest in whether…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Winnie Street

Monitoring autonomous large language model (LLM) agents for covert malicious behavior is challenging due to delayed, context-dependent, and long-horizon attack patterns. Agents may pursue hidden objectives while maintaining superficially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Nesreen K. Ahmed , Nima Nafisi

To what degree should we ascribe cognitive capacities to Large Language Models (LLMs), such as the ability to reason about intentions and beliefs known as Theory of Mind (ToM)? Here we add to this emerging debate by (i) testing 11 base- and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Max J. van Duijn , Bram M. A. van Dijk , Tom Kouwenhoven , Werner de Valk , Marco R. Spruit , Peter van der Putten

Discrepancies between an agent's actual knowledge and what a person thinks the agent knows can hinder interactions. If an agent could detect such discrepancies, it could provide feedback to account for them and improve current and future…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Patrick Callaghan , Reid Simmons , Henny Admoni

Neural Theory-of-Mind (N-ToM), machine's ability to understand and keep track of the mental states of others, is pivotal in developing socially intelligent agents. However, prevalent N-ToM benchmarks have several shortcomings, including the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hainiu Xu , Runcong Zhao , Lixing Zhu , Jinhua Du , Yulan He

Large Language Models have shown exceptional generative abilities in various natural language and generation tasks. However, possible anthropomorphization and leniency towards failure cases have propelled discussions on emergent abilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Mudit Verma , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

In recent years, evaluating the Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities of large language models (LLMs) has received significant attention within the research community. As the field rapidly evolves, navigating the diverse approaches and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karahan Sarıtaş , Kıvanç Tezören , Yavuz Durmazkeser

User behavior modeling lies at the heart of personalized applications like recommender systems. With LLM-based agents, user preference representation has evolved from latent embeddings to semantic memory. While existing memory mechanisms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxin Liao , Le Wu , Min Hou , Yu Wang , Han Wu , Meng Wang

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer mental states in others, is pivotal for human social cognition. Existing evaluations of ToM in LLMs are largely limited to English, neglecting the linguistic diversity that shapes human cognition.…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into our everyday lives, understanding their ability to comprehend human mental states becomes critical for ensuring effective interactions. However, despite the recent attempts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Kanishk Gandhi , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Tobias Gerstenberg , Noah D. Goodman

Our ability to interpret others' mental states through nonverbal cues (NVCs) is fundamental to our survival and social cohesion. While existing Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks have primarily focused on false-belief tasks and reasoning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Seungbeen Lee , Jinhong Jeong , Donghyun Kim , Yejin Son , Youngjae Yu

Theory of Mind (ToM) in Large Language Models (LLMs) refers to the model's ability to infer the mental states of others, with failures in this ability often manifesting as systemic implicit biases. Assessing this challenge is difficult, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yanlin Li , Hao Liu , Huimin Liu , Kun Wang , Yinwei Wei , Yupeng Hu

In this paper we introduce a computational-level model of theory of mind (ToM) based on dynamic epistemic logic (DEL), and we analyze its computational complexity. The model is a special case of DEL model checking. We provide a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Iris van de Pol , Iris van Rooij , Jakub Szymanik

A first step to reach Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities (attribution of beliefs to others) in synthetic agents through sensorimotor interactions, would be to tag sensory data with agent typology and action intentions: autonomous agent X moved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-23 M. Sánchez-Fibla , C. Moulin-Frier , X. Arsiwalla , P. Verschure

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly participate in human-AI interactions, evaluating their Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities - particularly their ability to track dynamic mental states - becomes crucial. While existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yang Xiao , Jiashuo Wang , Qiancheng Xu , Changhe Song , Chunpu Xu , Yi Cheng , Wenjie Li , Pengfei Liu

Large language model (LLM) personalization aims to align model outputs with individuals' unique preferences and opinions. While recent efforts have implemented various personalization methods, a unified theoretical framework that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Nick Beauchamp , Lu Wang