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While RAG demonstrates remarkable capabilities in LLM applications, its effectiveness is hindered by the ever-increasing length of retrieved contexts, which introduces information redundancy and substantial computational overhead. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yixiong Fang , Tianran Sun , Yuling Shi , Xiaodong Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang

We present Mem-$\pi$, a framework for adaptive memory in large language model (LLM) agents, where useful guidance is generated on demand rather than retrieved from external memory stores. Existing memory-augmented agents typically rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xiaoqiang Wang , Chao Wang , Hadi Nekoei , Christopher Pal , Alexandre Lacoste , Spandana Gella , Bang Liu , Perouz Taslakian

Multimodal document retrieval systems enable information access across text, images, and layouts, benefiting various domains like document-based question answering, report analysis, and interactive content summarization. Rerankers improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mingjun Xu , Jinhan Dong , Jue Hou , Zehui Wang , Sihang Li , Zhifeng Gao , Renxin Zhong , Hengxing Cai

We introduce M3-Agent, a novel multimodal agent framework equipped with long-term memory. Like humans, M3-Agent can process real-time visual and auditory inputs to build and update episodic and semantic memories, gradually accumulating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Lin Long , Yichen He , Wentao Ye , Yiyuan Pan , Yuan Lin , Hang Li , Junbo Zhao , Wei Li

Reasoning over ultra-long documents requires synthesizing sparse evidence scattered across distant segments under strict memory constraints. While streaming agents enable scalable processing, their passive memory update strategy often fails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xinyu Wang , Mingze Li , Peng Lu , Xiao-Wen Chang , Lifeng Shang , Jinping Li , Fei Mi , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Yufei Cui

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

Query expansion is widely used in Information Retrieval (IR) to improve search outcomes by supplementing initial queries with richer information. While recent Large Language Model (LLM) based methods generate pseudo-relevant content and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wonduk Seo , Hyunjin An , Seunghyun Lee

The conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm of injecting raw retrieved texts into the Large Language Model (LLM)'s context often results in suboptimal integration of retrieved information. This paper proposes to bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sangkwon Park , Donghun Kang , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Reasoning over long contexts is essential for large language models. While reinforcement learning (RL) enhances short-context reasoning by inducing "Aha" moments in chain-of-thought, the advanced thinking patterns required for long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Siyuan Wang , Gaokai Zhang , Li Lyna Zhang , Ning Shang , Fan Yang , Dongyao Chen , Mao Yang

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Accurate document retrieval is crucial for the success of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) applications, including open-domain question answering and code completion. While large language models (LLMs) have been employed as dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Tong Niu , Shafiq Joty , Ye Liu , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Identifying the strategic uses of reformulation in discourse remains a key challenge for computational argumentation. While LLMs can detect surface-level similarity, they often fail to capture the pragmatic functions of rephrasing, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maciej Uberna , Michał Wawer , Jarosław A. Chudziak , Marcin Koszowy

Large language model (LLM) agents are constrained by limited context windows, necessitating external memory systems for long-term information understanding. Current memory-augmented agents typically depend on pre-defined instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yu Wang , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiqi Liang , Yuzhen Mao , Yuanzhe Hu , Julian McAuley , Xiaojian Wu

The efficient processing of long context poses a serious challenge for large language models (LLMs). Recently, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising strategy for this problem, as it enables LLMs to make selective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun Luo , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Hongjin Qian , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Despite the promise of Retrieval-Augmented Generation in grounding Multimodal Large Language Models with external knowledge, the transition to extensive contexts often leads to significant attention dilution and reasoning hallucinations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junming Liu , Yuqi Li , Shiping Wen , Zhigang Zeng , Tingwen Huang

The context window of large language models (LLMs) has been extended significantly in recent years. However, while the context length that the LLM can process has grown, the capability of the model to accurately reason over that context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huayang Li , Pat Verga , Priyanka Sen , Bowen Yang , Vijay Viswanathan , Patrick Lewis , Taro Watanabe , Yixuan Su

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has traditionally focused on training specialized agents to optimize predefined reward functions within narrowly defined environments. However, the advent of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fangming Cui , Ruixiao Zhu , Cheng Fang , Sunan Li , Jiahong Li

Large language models (LLMs) excel on a variety of reasoning benchmarks, but previous studies suggest they sometimes struggle to generalize to unseen questions, potentially due to over-reliance on memorized training examples. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yihuai Hong , Dian Zhou , Meng Cao , Lei Yu , Zhijing Jin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara