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Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced cross-modal understanding and reasoning by incorporating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in the semantic space. Building upon this, recent studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chengzhi Liu , Yuzhe Yang , Yue Fan , Qingyue Wei , Sheng Liu , Xin Eric Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with complex logical reasoning. While previous works achieve remarkable improvements, their performance is highly dependent on the correctness of translating natural language (NL) problems into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiangyu Wang , Haocheng Yang , Fengxiang Cheng , Fenrong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) gain substantial reasoning and decision-making capabilities from thought structures. However, existing methods such as Tree of Thought and Retrieval Augmented Thoughts often fall short in complex tasks due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jinghan Zhang , Xiting Wang , Weijieying Ren , Lu Jiang , Dongjie Wang , Kunpeng Liu

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Recent advancements in reasoning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) across diverse tasks. However, excessive reliance on chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jinghui Lu , Haiyang Yu , Siliang Xu , Shiwei Ran , Guozhi Tang , Siqi Wang , Bin Shan , Teng Fu , Hao Feng , Jingqun Tang , Han Wang , Can Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

Vision-Language Models often struggle with complex visual reasoning due to the visual information loss in textual CoT. Existing methods either add the cost of tool calls or rely on localized patch-based embeddings that are insufficient to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mengdan Zhu , Senhao Cheng , Liang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

As Large Language Models (LLMs) expand in capability and application scope, their trustworthiness becomes critical. A vital risk is intrinsic deception, wherein models strategically mislead users to achieve their own objectives. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Guoxi Zhang , Jiawei Chen , Tianzhuo Yang , Lang Qin , Juntao Dai , Yaodong Yang , Jingwei Yi

Traditional recommender systems such as matrix factorization methods have primarily focused on learning a shared dense embedding space to represent both items and user preferences. Subsequently, sequence models such as RNN, GRUs, and,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yaoyiran Li , Xiang Zhai , Moustafa Alzantot , Keyi Yu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Mohamed Hammad

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shifted in recommendation systems from the discriminative paradigm to the LLM-based generative paradigm, where the recommender autoregressively generates sequences of semantic identifiers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiawei Feng , Xiaoyu Kong , Leheng Sheng , Bin Wu , Chao Yi , Feifang Yang , Xiang-Rong Sheng , Han Zhu , Xiang Wang , Jiancan Wu , Xiangnan He

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is critical for improving the interpretability and reliability of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, existing training algorithms such as SFT, PPO, and GRPO may not generalize well across unseen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guohao Sun , Hang Hua , Jian Wang , Jiebo Luo , Sohail Dianat , Majid Rabbani , Raghuveer Rao , Zhiqiang Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities under the widely adopted SFT+RLVR paradigm, which first performs Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on human-annotated reasoning trajectories (rationales) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Chaoxu Pang , Yixuan Cao , Ping Luo

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their capabilities on complex reasoning tasks through Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, this approach often results in substantial redundancy, impairing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Qiguang Chen , Dengyun Peng , Jinhao Liu , HuiKang Su , Jiannan Guan , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che

Most multi-agent systems rely exclusively on autoregressive language models (ARMs) that are based on sequential generation. Although effective for fluent text, ARMs limit global reasoning and plan revision. On the other hand, Discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Lina Berrayana , Ahmed Heakl , Abdullah Sohail , Thomas Hofmann , Salman Khan , Wei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for tasks that implicitly reduce to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), yet their reasoning ability on SAT remains unclear. We present a systematic study of LLMs on 2-SAT and 3-SAT, together with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Leizhen Zhang , Shuhan Chen , Sheng Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but still suffers from long contexts and disjoint retrieval-generation optimization. In this work, we propose CLaRa (Continuous Latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jie He , Richard He Bai , Sinead Williamson , Jeff Z. Pan , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have been widely applied to reasoning tasks. However, they suffer from limited multi-rationale semantic modeling, insufficient logical robustness, and are susceptible to misleading…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Chuang Yu , Jinmiao Zhao , Mingxuan Zhao , Yunpeng Liu , Xiujun Shu , Yuanhao Feng , Bo Wang , Xiangyu Yue

Reinforcement learning plays a crucial role in generative re-ranking scenarios due to its exploration-exploitation capabilities, but existing generative methods mostly fail to adapt to the dynamic entropy changes in model difficulty during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Changshuo Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, deploying LLMs at scale for domain specific applications, such as job-person fit and explanation in job seeking…