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We present TriviaQA, a challenging reading comprehension dataset containing over 650K question-answer-evidence triples. TriviaQA includes 95K question-answer pairs authored by trivia enthusiasts and independently gathered evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Mandar Joshi , Eunsol Choi , Daniel S. Weld , Luke Zettlemoyer

\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to dramatic improvements in question answering (QA). To address the challenge of evaluating QA systems, standardized benchmarks have been introduced. This work focuses on the problem…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Majid Saeedan , Muhammad Shihab Rashid , Ahmed Eldawy , Vagelis Hristidis

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly advanced document understanding, yet current Doc-VQA evaluations score only the final answer and leave the supporting evidence unchecked. This answer-only approach masks a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Dongsheng Ma , Jiayu Li , Zhengren Wang , Yijie Wang , Jiahao Kong , Weijun Zeng , Jutao Xiao , Jie Yang , Wentao Zhang , Bin Wang , Conghui He

This paper studies the problem of open-domain question answering, with the aim of answering a diverse range of questions leveraging knowledge resources. Two types of sources, QA-pair and document corpora, have been actively leveraged with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Kyungjae Lee , Sang-eun Han , Seung-won Hwang , Moontae Lee

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Multi-text applications, such as multi-document summarization, are typically required to model redundancies across related texts. Current methods confronting consolidation struggle to fuse overlapping information. In order to explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Daniela Brook Weiss , Paul Roit , Ayal Klein , Ori Ernst , Ido Dagan

Audio Question Answering (AQA) is a key task for evaluating Audio-Language Models (ALMs), yet assessing open-ended responses remains challenging. Existing metrics used for AQA such as BLEU, METEOR and BERTScore, mostly adapted from NLP and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Satvik Dixit , Soham Deshmukh , Bhiksha Raj

Document Question Answering (DQA) involves generating answers from a document based on a user's query, representing a key task in document understanding. This task requires interpreting visual layouts, which has prompted recent studies to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yixin Xiang , Yunshan Ma , Xiaoyu Du , Yibing Chen , Yanxin Zhang , Jinhui Tang

We focus on multiple-choice question answering (QA) tasks in subject areas such as science, where we require both broad background knowledge and the facts from the given subject-area reference corpus. In this work, we explore simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Xiaoman Pan , Kai Sun , Dian Yu , Jianshu Chen , Heng Ji , Claire Cardie , Dong Yu

Deep reading models for question-answering have demonstrated promising performance over the last couple of years. However current systems tend to learn how to cleverly extract a span of the source document, based on its similarity with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Quentin Grail , Julien Perez

The financial domain frequently deals with large numbers of long documents that are essential for daily operations. Significant effort is put towards automating financial data analysis. However, a persistent challenge, not limited to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Viet Dac Lai , Michael Krumdick , Charles Lovering , Varshini Reddy , Craig Schmidt , Chris Tanner

As language models are adopted by a more sophisticated and diverse set of users, the importance of guaranteeing that they provide factually correct information supported by verifiable sources is critical across fields of study. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Chaitanya Malaviya , Subin Lee , Sihao Chen , Elizabeth Sieber , Mark Yatskar , Dan Roth

Open-domain Question Answering models which directly leverage question-answer (QA) pairs, such as closed-book QA (CBQA) models and QA-pair retrievers, show promise in terms of speed and memory compared to conventional models which retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Patrick Lewis , Yuxiang Wu , Linqing Liu , Pasquale Minervini , Heinrich Küttler , Aleksandra Piktus , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Question answering (QA) is a critical task for speech-based retrieval from knowledge sources, by sifting only the answers without requiring to read supporting documents. Specifically, open-domain QA aims to answer user questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sang-eun Han , Yeonseok Jeong , Seung-won Hwang , Kyungjae Lee

We propose V-Doc, a question-answering tool using document images and PDF, mainly for researchers and general non-deep learning experts looking to generate, process, and understand the document visual question answering tasks. The V-Doc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yihao Ding , Zhe Huang , Runlin Wang , Yanhang Zhang , Xianru Chen , Yuzhong Ma , Hyunsuk Chung , Soyeon Caren Han

Hybrid data combining both tabular and textual content (e.g., financial reports) are quite pervasive in the real world. However, Question Answering (QA) over such hybrid data is largely neglected in existing research. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Fengbin Zhu , Wenqiang Lei , Youcheng Huang , Chao Wang , Shuo Zhang , Jiancheng Lv , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

On the way towards general Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems that are able to answer arbitrary questions, the need arises for evaluation beyond single-metric leaderboards for specific datasets. To this end, we propose a browser-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Dirk Väth , Pascal Tilli , Ngoc Thang Vu

As the development of academic conferences fosters global scholarly communication, researchers consistently need to obtain accurate and up-to-date information about academic conferences. Since the information is scattered, using an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhiwei Huang , Juan Li , Long Jin , Junjie Wang , Mingchen Tu , Yin Hua , Zhiqiang Liu , Jiawei Meng , Wen Zhang

Abstractive summarization aims to generate a shorter version of the document covering all the salient points in a compact and coherent fashion. On the other hand, query-based summarization highlights those points that are relevant in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Preksha Nema , Mitesh Khapra , Anirban Laha , Balaraman Ravindran
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