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Related papers: Unsupervised Process Reward Models

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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown that it is promising to utilize Process Reward Models (PRMs) as verifiers to enhance the performance of LLMs. However, current PRMs face three key challenges: (1) limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jian Zhao , Runze Liu , Kaiyan Zhang , Zhimu Zhou , Junqi Gao , Dong Li , Jiafei Lyu , Zhouyi Qian , Biqing Qi , Xiu Li , Bowen Zhou

The reliability of large language models (LLMs) during test-time scaling is often assessed with \emph{external verifiers} or \emph{reward models} that distinguish correct reasoning from flawed logic. Prior work generally assumes that…

We introduce the Entropy-Driven Uncertainty Process Reward Model (EDU-PRM), a novel entropy-driven training framework for process reward modeling that enables dynamic, uncertainty-aligned segmentation of complex reasoning steps, eliminating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lang Cao , Renhong Chen , Yingtian Zou , Chao Peng , Huacong Xu , Yuxian Wang , Wu Ning , Qian Chen , Mofan Peng , Zijie Chen , Peishuo Su , Yitong Li

Process reward models (PRMs) play a central role in guiding inference-time scaling algorithms for large language models (LLMs). However, we observe that even state-of-the-art PRMs can be poorly calibrated. Specifically, they tend to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-10 Young-Jin Park , Kristjan Greenewald , Kaveh Alim , Hao Wang , Navid Azizan

Process Reward Models (PRMs) enhance reasoning ability of LLMs by providing step-level supervision. However, their widespread adoption is limited due to expensive manual step-level annotation and poor generalization of static training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Gurusha Juneja , Deepak Nathani , William Yang Wang

Despite significant advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), developing advanced reasoning capabilities in LLMs remains a key challenge. Process Reward Models (PRMs) have demonstrated exceptional promise in enhancing reasoning by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Miao Peng , Nuo Chen , Zongrui Suo , Jia Li

Recent advancements in improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models have underscored the efficacy of Process Reward Models (PRMs) in addressing intermediate errors through structured feedback mechanisms. This study analyzes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhengyu Chen , Yudong Wang , Teng Xiao , Ruochen Zhou , Xuesheng Yang , Wei Wang , Zhifang Sui , Jingang Wang

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex mathematical reasoning tasks, but they inevitably generate errors throughout multi-step solutions. Process-level Reward Models (PRMs) have shown great promise by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jiuzhou Han , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Recent studies show that Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. However, a key approach, the Process Reward Model (PRM), suffers from reward hacking,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Teng Wang , Zhangyi Jiang , Zhenqi He , Shenyang Tong , Wenhan Yang , Yanan Zheng , Zeyu Li , Zifan He , Hailei Gong , Zewen Ye , Shengjie Ma , Jianping Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are probabilistic in nature and perform more reliably when augmented with external information. As complex queries often require multi-step reasoning over the retrieved information, with no clear or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Roxana Petcu , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

Reward models play a critical role in guiding large language models toward outputs that align with human expectations. However, an open challenge remains in effectively utilizing test-time compute to enhance reward model performance. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiaxin Guo , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Qingxiu Dong , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei

Reasoning has substantially improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complicated tasks. Central to the current reasoning studies, Process Reward Models (PRMs) offer a fine-grained evaluation of intermediate reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Cao , Ruiyi Wang , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have shown promise in enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through Test-Time Scaling (TTS). However, their integration into multimodal reasoning remains largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ruilin Luo , Zhuofan Zheng , Yifan Wang , Xinzhe Ni , Zicheng Lin , Songtao Jiang , Yiyao Yu , Chufan Shi , Lei Wang , Ruihang Chu , Jin Zeng , Yujiu Yang

Large Language Models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various downstream tasks and have been widely applied in multiple scenarios. Human-annotated preference data is used for training to further improve LLMs' performance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Shimao Zhang , Xiao Liu , Xin Zhang , Junxiao Liu , Zheheng Luo , Shujian Huang , Yeyun Gong

Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhaopan Xu , Pengfei Zhou , Jiaxin Ai , Wangbo Zhao , Kai Wang , Xiaojiang Peng , Wenqi Shao , Hongxun Yao , Kaipeng Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in multi-step reasoning tasks, yet their reliance on extensive manual labeling to provide procedural feedback remains a significant impediment. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhaorun Chen , Zhuokai Zhao , Zhihong Zhu , Ruiqi Zhang , Xiang Li , Bhiksha Raj , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models have shown promise in clinical decision making, but current approaches struggle to localize and correct errors at specific steps of the reasoning process. This limitation is critical in medicine, where identifying and…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in performing complex multi-step reasoning, yet they continue to struggle with mathematical reasoning, often making systematic errors. A promising solution is reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hanning Zhang , Pengcheng Wang , Shizhe Diao , Yong Lin , Rui Pan , Hanze Dong , Dylan Zhang , Pavlo Molchanov , Tong Zhang

In recent years, large language models have greatly improved in their ability to perform complex multi-step reasoning. However, even state-of-the-art models still regularly produce logical mistakes. To train more reliable models, we can…

The rapid advancement of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) has demonstrated excellent abilities in various visual tasks. Building upon these developments, the thinking with images paradigm has emerged, enabling models to dynamically edit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yujin Zhou , Pengcheng Wen , Jiale Chen , Boqin Yin , Han Zhu , Jiaming Ji , Juntao Dai , Chi-Min Chan , Sirui Han