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Indices for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) are a basic component for information retrieval and widely used in database, search, recommendation and RAG systems. In these scenarios, documents or other objects are inserted into and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Haike Xu , Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Philip A. Bernstein , Badrish Chandramouli , Richard Wen , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

On-disk graph-based approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is essential for large-scale, high-dimensional vector retrieval, yet its performance is widely recognized to be limited by the prohibitive I/O costs. Interestingly, we observed…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Weijian Chen , Haotian Liu , Yangshen Deng , Long Xiang , Liang Huang , Bo Tang

In recent years, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has played a pivotal role in modern search and recommendation systems, especially in emerging LLM applications like Retrieval-Augmented Generation. There is a growing exploration…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yiping Sun , Yang Shi , Jiaolong Du

Graph-structured data is ubiquitous in the real world, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly popular in various fields due to their ability to process such irregular data directly. However, as data scale, GNNs become…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xianfeng Song , Yi Zou , Zheng Shi

We present BatchGNN, a distributed CPU system that showcases techniques that can be used to efficiently train GNNs on terabyte-sized graphs. It reduces communication overhead with macrobatching in which multiple minibatches' subgraph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Loc Hoang , Rita Brugarolas Brufau , Ke Ding , Bo Wu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown significant accuracy improvements in a variety of graph learning domains, sparking considerable research interest. To translate these accuracy improvements into practical applications, it is essential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Shuwen Lu , Zhihui Zhang , Cong Guo , Jingwen Leng , Yangjie Zhou , Minyi Guo

Billion-scale high-dimensional approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search has become an important problem for searching similar objects among the vast amount of images and videos available online. The existing ANN methods are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Wei Chen , Jincai Chen , Fuhao Zou , Yuan-Fang Li , Ping Lu , Qiang Wang , Wei Zhao

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a critical component of modern AI systems, such as recommendation engines and retrieval-augmented large language models (RAG-LLMs). However, scaling ANNS to billion-entry datasets exposes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sitian Chen , Amelie Chi Zhou , Yucheng Shi , Yusen Li , Xin Yao

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become popular across a diverse set of tasks in exploring structural relationships between entities. However, due to the highly connected structure of the datasets, distributed training of GNNs on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Arefin Niam , Tevfik Kosar , M S Q Zulkar Nine

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) on GPUs is gaining increasing popularity for modern retrieval and recommendation workloads that operate over massive high-dimensional vectors. Graph-based indexes deliver high recall and throughput…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jifan Shi , Jianyang Gao , James Xia , Tamás Béla Fehér , Cheng Long

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great superiority on non-Euclidean graph data, achieving ground-breaking performance on various graph-related tasks. As a practical solution to train GNN on large graphs with billions of nodes and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zeyu Zhu , Peisong Wang , Qinghao Hu , Gang Li , Xiaoyao Liang , Jian Cheng

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for various graph mining tasks, yet existing scalable solutions often struggle to balance execution efficiency with prediction accuracy. These difficulties stem from iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xu Cheng , Liang Yao , Feng He , Yukuo Cen , Yufei He , Chenhui Zhang , Wenzheng Feng , Hongyun Cai , Jie Tang

Graph-based computations are crucial in a wide range of applications, where graphs can scale to trillions of edges. To enable efficient training on such large graphs, mini-batch subgraph sampling is commonly used, which allows training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yue Jin , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

Recent years have witnessed the popularity and success of graph neural networks (GNN) in various scenarios. To obtain data-specific GNN architectures, researchers turn to neural architecture search (NAS), which has made impressive success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Huan Zhao , Quanming Yao , Weiwei Tu

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in computer science for which in-memory graph-based methods, such as Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW), perform exceptionally well. To scale beyond billions of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Manuel Widmoser , Daniel Kocher , Nikolaus Augsten

The explosive growth of AI applications has created unprecedented demand for GPU resources. Cloud providers meet this demand through GPU-as-a-Service platforms that offer rentable GPU resources for running AI workloads. In this context, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Marco Zambianco , Lorenzo Fasol , Roberto Doriguzzi-Corin

This paper studies density-based clustering of point sets. These methods use dense regions of points to detect clusters of arbitrary shapes. In particular, we study variants of density peaks clustering, a popular type of algorithm that has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shangdi Yu , Joshua Engels , Yihao Huang , Julian Shun

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a popular strategy for handling non-Euclidean data due to their state-of-the-art performance. However, most of the current GNN model designs mainly focus on task accuracy, lacking in considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang , Yingjie Qi , Yumeng Shi , Tong Qiao , Weisheng Zhao , Chunming Hu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful deep learning models to generate node embeddings on graphs. When applying deep GNNs on large graphs, it is still challenging to perform training in an efficient and scalable way. We propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Hanqing Zeng , Hongkuan Zhou , Ajitesh Srivastava , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna